गन्ने की उन्नत रोपण विधियाँ
Conventional method of planting in sugarcane is very old practice since the inception of sugarcane crop. However, conventional planting leads to higher amount of seed cane for maintaining plant population which is very important for achieving the optimum cane yield.
Generally requirement of seed cane is about 50-60 quintal /ha under conventional planting method. This much amount of cane leads to higher cost of cultivation to the cane growers. So, there is a need to find out alternate methods for reducing the cost.
Pit Planting:
This technique is quite common in Kerala's hilly regions as well as Tillah soil in Assam. Pits are dug along the contours at intervals of 20 to 30 cm, with a row-to-row distance of 75 cm. The bottom of the pits is filled with organic manure.
In the triangle's pits, cane setts are arranged and then covered with soil. This technique is excellent for soil conservation and can be utilized in rain-fed agriculture.
Skip Furrow Planting:
It is common in Orissa. It is hybrid of flat and trench method. In this method trenches are dug 45 cm apart and a gap of 90 cm is left after each two rows of cane.
Sablang or Sprouting Method:
Plants are sown in fertile soil with wide spacing, shallow planting frequent irrigations and adequate fertilization. Tillers soon after they develop their own roots are separated from the mother plant and planted separately. It is very successful in Java and Cuba.
Flat bed planting:
In some regions of Maharashtra and Northern India, it is a very common approach. Furrows of 8-10 cm depth are dug. Two rows should be spaced apart by 75 to 90 cm. In the end-to-end planting system, three budded setts are often used. Planking is used to level the field after 5-7 cm of soil has been added to the furrow.
Ridge and Furrow Method:
The method is typically used in situations with poor drainage but moderate rainfall. In North India, 'v' shaped deep furrows are opened, 10–15 cm deep, while 20–25 cm deep in southern states of the country. Furthermore, it is used in Peninsular India and Eastern UP, particularly in areas with heavy soils.
Trench Method or Java method:
It occurs frequently in Java, some coastal regions, and regions where the crop grows very tall and where strong winds are prevalent. Trenches are constructed in the 'U shaped configuration at a depth of 20–25 cm, while line-to-line spacing is maintained at 75–90 cm.
By using the end-to-end fashion, setts are planted in these trenches or in the little furrows made in the middle of the trenches. Trench methods of planting were used where tall varieties were grown and strong wind blow areas,
Rayungan Method:
It is an Indonesian word that means a cane shoot that has one sprouted bud. At harvest time, a section of the field that has been chosen for Rayungan production is left. The top of the cane is cut off which results auxiliary buds begin to sprout.
Fertilizer, particularly nitrogen, is sprayed in heavy doses for quick and efficient sprouting, and the field is irrigated. Sprouting buds are divided into single bud setts and transplanted on ridges after 3–4 weeks. Since it is expensive, it is not widely used in India, but it is typically used to cover gaps.
Distant Planting Method:
It was developed at Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR) Lucknow. In this method, single budded setts are planted in nursery @ 20 q/ha or 18000 setts/ha. After 45-60 days single budded setts are planted in the main field at a spacing of 90cm×50cm.
Tjeblock Method
Better than the Rayungan method because it ensures that all of the buds have access to the right amount of energy and nutrients. In this instance, stalks are split in half and planted vertically with a node in the soil for rooting.
It is properly irrigated and fertilised for both the newly planted plants and the mother stalks. The top buds of mother cane and Tjeblocks are being clipped into setts and planted as rayungans. These upper buds will sprout in due time.
Bud Chip Method
Planting the cane stalk's excised axillary buds, also referred to as "bud chips," would be one alternative to reduce the quantity and enhance the quality of seed cane. These bud chips offer less cumbersome, more portable, and more accessible seed materials.
The fast multiplication of new cane varieties holds enormous potential for the bud chip technology. This alarming trend of an accelerating extension gap will afterwards change as a result of modern production technology.
Farmers will eventually stop using the old methods and start using the new ones as a result of the newly better technologies.
Algin Method of Sugarcane Planting:
In this method, Upper most nodes are collected while striping the canes for crushing; then it is planted in wheat field in rows after every 4 rows of wheat at 90 cm × 50 cm. The method was developed by Allahabad Agriculture Institute, Allahabad.
Authors:
Lalita Rana, Navnit Kumar and A.K. Singh
Sugarcane Research Institute,
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 848 125
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