सब्जी बीज उत्पादन के क्षेत्रिय मानक
To maintain the requisite genetic purity of variety, it is essential to have field standards in seed production. Since, seed production programme is organized by public, as well private sectors organization at different locations, seasons and of various class, thus the field standards for seed production has to be formulated and maintained uniformly during the execution of the seed programme in field. The field standards of vegetables seed crop are of two types, the first one is general requirements which include the isolation distance for foundation and certified seed and second is the specific requirements comprising off-type, objectionable weeds and plants affected by seed borne diseases.
The objectives of general and specific requirements are to maintained genetic purity avoiding the genetic contamination and ultimately to meet the seed standards.
General requirements of vegetable seed production:
The isolation requirement is variable among the crops and it is low in self pollinated crops while moderate in often cross pollinated crops and higher in cross pollinated crops where wind/ insects act as pollinating agent. The crop-wise isolation is given below.| Crop | Contaminant | Minimum distance (m) | |
| Foundation | Certified | ||
| Tomato | Field of the other varieties | 50 | 25 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 50 | 25 | |
| Brinjal | Field of the other varieties | 200 | 100 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 200 | 100 | |
| Capsicum & Chillies | Field of the other varieties | 400 | 200 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 400 | 200 | |
| Field of capsicum from chilli and vice versa | 400 | 200 | |
| Okra | Field of the other varieties | 400 | 200 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and wild okra | 400 | 200 | |
| Ashgourd | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 1000 | 500 | |
| Bittergourd | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from balsam apple (Momordica balsamina) , bhat kerala and jangli kerala | 1000 | 500 | |
| Bottlegourd | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification. | 1000 | 500 | |
| Cucumber | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from cucumis hardwickii | 1000 | 500 | |
| Indian Squash(Tinda) | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification. | 1000 | 500 | |
| Longmelon | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and snapmelon,muskmelon, oriental pickling melon and other non-desserted forms of cucumis melo | 1000 | 500 | |
| Muskmelon | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and snapmelon, longmelon, oriental pickling melon and other non-desserted forms of cucumis melo known to cross | 1000 | 500 | |
| Pumpkin | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from winter squash, summer squash and cushaw(C. mixta) | 1000 | 500 | |
| Ridgegourd | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from spongegourd (L.cylindrica) | 1000 | 500 | |
| Snakegourd | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from Trichosanthes labata ,T.palmate and T. cucumerina | 1000 | 500 | |
| Spogegourd | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from ridgegourd (L.acutangula) | 1000 | 500 | |
| Summersquash | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from pumpkin (C. moschata), C. mixta and C. maxima | 1000 | 500 | |
| Watermelon | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and wild watermelon (Citrullus colocynthis L.) | 1000 | 500 | |
| Amaranth | Field of the other varieties | 400 | 200 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and wild amaranths | 400 | 200 | |
| Celery | Field of the other varieties | 500 | 300 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from turnip rooted celery Apium graveolens | 500 | 300 | |
| Methi | Field of the other varieties | 10 | 5 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 10 | 5 | |
| Lettuce | Field of the other varieties | 50 | 25 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and wild lettuce (Lactuca scariola) | 50 | 25 | |
| Parsley | Field of the other varieties | 500 | 300 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 500 | 300 | |
| Spinich & Spinich Beat | Field of the other varieties | 1600 | 1000 |
| Field of the swiss chard,sugar beet and garden beet for spinach beet only | 1600 | 1000 | |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 1600 | 1000 | |
| Cabbage | Field of the other varieties | 1600 | 1000 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from the varieties of Brassica oleracea(L) var.oleracea, ramose, gemmifera, acephala, gongylodes, subaduda, italica and botrytis etc. | 1600 | 1000 | |
| Cauliflower & Broccoli | Field of the other varieties | 1600 | 1000 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from the varieties of Brassica oleracea(L) var.oleracea, ramose, gemmifera, acephala, gongylodes, subaduda, italica and botrytis etc. | 1600 | 1000 | |
| Knol-Knol | Field of the other varieties | 1600 | 1000 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from the varieties of Brassica oleracea(L) var.oleracea ,ramose,gemmifera,acephala, gongylodes,subaduda,italica,capitata and botrytis etc. | 1600 | 1000 | |
| Garlic | Field of the other varieties | 5 | 5 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 5 | 5 | |
| Onion | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 500 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 1000 | 500 | |
| Carrot | Field of the other varieties | 1000 | 800 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 1000 | 800 | |
| Garden beat | Field of the other varieties | 1600 | 1000 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and fields of the swiss chard and spinach | 1600 | 1000 | |
| Radish | Field of the other varieties | 1600 | 1000 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from rat-tail radish | 1600 | 1000 | |
| Turnip | Field of the other varieties | 1600 | 1000 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification and from other species of genus Brassica pekenensis, B.chinensis B.napus and various kind of sarson/rai | 1600 | 1000 | |
| Peas | Field of the other varieties | 10 | 5 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 10 | 5 | |
| Dolichos bean | Field of the other varieties | 10 | 5 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 10 | 5 | |
| Cowpea | Field of the other varieties | 10 | 5 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 10 | 5 | |
| French bean | Field of the other varieties | 10 | 5 |
| Fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirements for certification | 10 | 5 | |
Specific field standards of vegetable seed production:
The maximum permitted (%) of off type, plant affected by seed borne diseases and objectionable weed plants are given below.
|
Crop |
Factor |
Maximum permitted(%) |
Remarks |
|
|
Foundation Seed |
Certified Seed |
|||
|
Tomato |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
Max.at final in spection |
|
Plant affected by seed borne diseases |
- |
0.10 |
0.50 |
Early blight, leaf blight,TMV |
|
Brinjal |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering and for seed borne disease at final inspection |
|
Plant affected by seed borne diseases |
- |
0.10 |
0.20 |
Phomopsis vexans |
|
Capsicum and chilli |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering and for seed borne disease at final inspection |
|
Plant affected by seed borne diseases |
- |
0.10 |
0.50 |
Leaf blight and anthracnose |
|
Okra |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Objectionable weed plants |
- |
none |
none |
Wild okra |
|
Ashgourd |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Bittergourd |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Objectionable weed plants |
- |
None |
None |
Balsamapple,Bhatkarela and Janglikerala |
|
Bottlegurd |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Cucumber |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Objectionable weed plants |
- |
Cucumis hardwickii |
||
|
Tinda |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Long melon |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Objectionable weed plants |
- |
None |
None |
Snapmelon, weedmelon and non-dessertform |
|
Muskmelon |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At any inspection conducted At and after lowering and for seed borne disease at final inspection |
|
Objectionable weed plants |
- |
None |
None |
Snapmelon, weed melon, long melon and non-dessert form |
|
Plants affected by seed borne disease |
- |
0.10 |
0.20 |
Cucumber Masaic Virus |
|
Pumpkin |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Ridge gourd |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Spongegourd |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Summer squash |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering and for seed borne disease at final inspection |
|
Watermelon |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Objectionable weed plants |
- |
None |
None |
Wild watermelon |
|
Amaranth |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Objectionable weed plants |
- |
0.010 |
0.020 |
Wild amaranth |
|
Celery |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and any flowering in the case of Off type and at the final inspection in case of seed borne disease |
|
Plants affected by seed borne disease |
- |
0.10 |
0.50 |
Leaf blight and root rot |
|
Methi |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Objectionable weed plants |
- |
0.010 |
0.020 |
senji |
|
Lettuce |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Objectionable weed plants |
- |
0.010 |
0.020 |
Wildlettuce |
|
Plants affected by seed borne disease |
- |
0.10 |
0.50 |
LettuceMosaicVirus |
|
Parsely |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and any flowering in the case of Off type and at the final inspection in case of seed borne disease |
|
Plants affected by seed borne disease |
- |
0.10 |
0.20 |
Leafspot |
|
Spinach |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and after flowering |
|
Cabbage |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and any flowering in the case of Off type and at the final inspection in case of seed borne disease |
|
Plants affected by seed borne disease |
- |
0.10 |
0.50 |
Blackleg, black rot and soft rot |
|
Cauliflower/ Broccoli/ Knol-Kohll |
Off type |
0.10 |
0.20 |
At and any flowering in the case of off type and at the final inspection in case of seed borne disease |
Authors:
Dr.B.S.Tomar
Sr. Scientist
Seed Production Unit, IARI,New Dellhi
email: