जैविक खेती: मिट्टी की स्थिरता में सुधार का तरीका

According to organic farming, it is an agricultural practice that upholds, enhances, and maintains the standard of quality of our ecosystem. In organic farming, crops are grown without the use of synthetic chemicals, recycled inorganic fertilizers, or other potentially dangerous materials like herbicides and insecticides.

By returning to our original technique of farming, which is devoid of chemicals, pesticides, and fertilizers, the phenomena of "Organic agriculture" is the only way to nourish the land and rejuvenate the soil.

By opting not to utilize chemicals, synthetic materials, pesticides, or growth hormones to produce high nutritional quality food in sufficient quantities, this is a potential step toward sustainable development (Onkar and Suryawanshi, 2019). An alternative agricultural approach that quickly modifies farming practices is organic farming.

Types of Organic Farming

 There are two major types of organic farming, which are

Pure Organic Farming-

Pure organic farming is the practice of using no synthetic, poisonous, or hazardous chemicals in any way during the farming process. The fertilizers and pesticides used in these agricultural operations are made from natural and biodegradable sources including green manures, cow dung, dead plant and animal waste, etc. (Kankam et al., 2020).

Integrated Organic Farming-

When certain synthetic materials are employed to create herbicides and fertilizers, this sort of farming is referred to as integrated organic farming.

Importance of Organic Farming

Maintain Ecological Balance-

The ability of organic farming to preserve ecological equilibrium is its key strength. Every day, toxic substances have an impact on the environment where humans survive. This has an impact on the natural system, which has dangerous repercussions on our daily lives that most people are unaware of. Unlike conventional farming, organic farming uses biodegradable products that don't deplete the soil of the planet. Consequently, the farming process is crucial to preserving the ecological equilibrium.

Cost- Effective -

Increased labor expenditures are required by organic farming methods. Since mechanical pest control and other techniques that require ongoing labor are a key component of organic farming, initial costs may appear to be higher than with conventional agricultural techniques. Organic farming practices are more cost-effective than traditional agricultural methods due to price premiums and a reduced usage of expensive agricultural fertilisers and pest control equipment.

Improves Production Quality-

In contrast to the synthetic fertilizers used in conventional farming, organic farming recognizes the use of biodegradable materials that function as stronger fertilisers. The use of synthetic chemicals in these fertilizers can help grow more crops, but at a significant cost—a reduction in the quality of the products that are produced. Biodegradable substances, which are primarily made up of the remains of dead plants and animals, are used in organic farming to improve the soil's fertility as well as the quality of the crops that are grown.

Promotes Organic Products -

Increased production of environmentally friendly products is also encouraged by organic farming. This will contribute to a reduction in the manufacturing of dangerous, toxic compounds, which are the main cause of pollutants that have a significant negative impact on our environment. decreased demand for inorganic goods will result in decreased use of these dangerous substances by the general public, protecting our environment from further contamination.

High Export Yield-

When compared to crops grown using conventional agricultural techniques, those produced using biodegradable elements have significantly higher quality and have a higher nutritional value. As a result, these products have a high export value due to their better health advantages, demonstrating the significance of organic farming for India's growing foreign exchange reserves.

Promotes Sustainable Development -

Organic farming is thought to contribute to sustainable development in India's agricultural industry, and information technology, a subfield of software engineering, is one of the key fields that significantly aid in putting the principles and fundamentals of sustainable development into practice. Therefore, IT services can be used in conjunction with organic farming to enable the production of the highest quality crops in India. Information technology services are able to give our country's agricultural sectors crucial knowledge about the state of the cultivable land right now and the many crops that have been raised there in the past.

Advantages

1.    No costly pesticides, fertilizers, or HYV seeds are needed to plant crops in organic farming. There is therefore no additional cost.

2.    A farmer can get a decent return on investment by using less expensive and local inputs.

3.    Organic products are in high demand in India and around the world, which increases export revenue.

4.    Organic goods are more nutritive, delectable, and healthy than goods made with chemicals and fertilizers.

5.    Because organic farming uses no fertilizers or chemicals, it does not affect the environment.

Disadvantages

1. The absence of suitable infrastructure and product marketing is the main problem with organic farming.
2. In comparison to chemical products, the initial yield of items from organic farming is lower. Therefore, farmers find it challenging to accommodate massive production.
3. Compared to chemical items, organic products have more faults and a shorter shelf life.
4. Organic farming has fewer possibilities and fewer options for off-season crops.

Need of organic farming

1. The fertility of the soil is decreased by excessive use of chemical fertilizers.
2. Pollution of the soil, water, and air is a result of excessive chemical use.
3. To protect ecosystems.
4. In order to encourage sustainable growth.
5. Affordable farming.
6. Growing demand for organic products as a result of improved food safety.

Benefits of organic farming

1. Environmentally sound.
2. It encourages sustainable growth.
3. Tasty and nutritious food.
4. Cheap procedure.
5. It makes use of organic inputs.
6. Produces revenue.
7. Produces revenue through exports.
8. Employment source.
9. Organic farming requires more labor. Consequently, it creates additional jobs.

Limitations of organic farming

1. Less output.
2. Higher price.
3. The lack of awareness.
4. Organic products generally demand a higher price due to a higher demand.
5. Shorter shelf life.
6. Organic products have a shorter shelf life due to the absence of artificial preservatives.

References                                                       

1. Onkar K and Suryawanshi, S. B. (2019). Organic Farming in India: An overview. Retrieved from http://www.jetir.org/view?paper=JETIRBL06011.
2. Kankam, T., Okese, K. A., & Boamah, J. (2020). Organic Farming: Types, Principles, Methods and Importance. Retrieved from https://blog.agrihomegh.com/organic-farming-typesprinciples.
3. Elayaraja and  Vijai C. (2020).Organic farming in India: Benefits and Challenges. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine. 7( 11): 3021-3029.

Authors:

Rahul Singh Sikarwar¹, Poonam², Asha Kushwah³ and Rahul SinghTomar⁴

^1&4 Department of Agriculture  Extension and Communication RVSKVV, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, (M.P.) India.

²Department of Horticulture, RVSKVV, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, (M.P.) India.

³Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, RVSKVV, College of Agriculture,

Gwalior, (M. P.) India

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