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फसल सुधार Tag

19 Aug

Posted at 07:22h in Miscellaneous
Vikrant Khare1* and Puja Shrivastava2 14 views

फसल सुधार में बायोमेट्रिक्स की भूमिका To create a significant hypothesis from plant data, statistical algorithm may be utilized. The biometric genetics is very useful to extract the significant information for crop improvement. The study of genetic variability within species and between species, relationship among the phenotypic traits, contribution of independent traits to dependent traits. All this exclusive information may derived by the help of biometrical techniques like analysis of variance, correlation study, path analysis, principal component analysis etc.     फसल सुधार में बायोमेट्रिक्स की भूमिका In the year 2010, the world’s population was estimated to be more than 6.8 billion people. The United Nations projects that the world population will surpass 7 billion in 2012 and reach 9 billion by 2050. Feeding those billions of additional people will be a major challenge for agriculture in next few decades. Crop plants will have to provide most of the calories and nutrients required for world’s future population. The genetic analysis of complex characteristics such as the oil content of corn is known as quantitative genetics. Statistical analysis has many applications ensuring the validity and reproducibility of plant breeding and genetics research. We must use statistical procedures that have been developed for analyzing complex characteristics. “Biometrics is the science that deals with the applications of...

24 Jan

Posted at 09:10h in Crop Cultivation
Swati Sharma,  Sushma Pawar, Satish Kumar, Umesh Kamble, Amit Kumar Sharma CN Mishra* and Gyanendra Singh 18 views

नैनोटेक्नोलॉजी: कृषि फसलों में फसल सुधार का एक आधुनिक दृष्टिकोण Nanofertilizers in agriculture aid in enhancing plant growth. The results of cutting-edge nanobiotechnological research include nanopesticides, nanoinsecticides, nanofungicides, and nanoherbicides, which are used to manage weeds in fields . Nanoparticles are being used in agriculture for crop improvement in various crops in various crops. नैनोटेक्नोलॉजी: कृषि फसलों में फसल सुधार का एक आधुनिक दृष्टिकोण More than two thirds of the Indian population depends on agriculture for their livelihood, which has probably an impact on the Indian economy. But the Indian agricultural system was not as robust as it is now, either before or after independence.   Green Revolution, which employed some contemporary farming techniques, was the main success story of Indian agriculture. Before the Green Revolution, the country frequently experienced hunger and severe food shortages, and now we find ourselves confronted with the issue of overabundance. Since the atmosphere in India varies throughout the year, a wide variety of crops are grown there, with rice and wheat serving as the country's two main food staples. Additionally, grains, pulses, tubers, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, tea, coffee, rubber, and jute are grown by Indian farmers. But it was noted that a variety of biological and abiotic stressors, water availability, and expanding world populations all pose threats to the presentations of...

23 Feb

Posted at 07:51h in Miscellaneous
Preety Dohrey, Mamrutha HM, Rinki, Kapil Deswal, Zeenat Wadhwa and Yogesh Kumar 24 views

फसल सुधार के लिए विकिरण उपयोग दक्षता का दोहन The energy of the entire ecosystem is reliant on the sun, which is the sole source of energy for all living organisms, directly or indirectly. Solar radiations reach from sun to earth and helps in photosynthesis, a process by which plants transform light energy into chemical energy. The rate of accumulation of dry matter of all plants is completely dependent on the interception of light energy from the sun (400–700 nm wavelength range), known as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Global climate changes are affecting crop yield potential and reducing the yield of crop significantly. A rapid rise in population is expected in the near future (about 10 billion by 2050), which might raise food consumption and put load on the agricultural system. So, we need to improve the efficiency of crop varieties to produce more yield with less resources. Crop productivity is the outcome of the amount of radiation, water, or nutrients captured by the crop and how efficiently those resources are used, which could only be enhanced by improving the traits related to yield and biomass production, such as Radiation use efficiency (RUE). RUE is the efficiency of the crop plant for using intercepted radiation to produce the biomass of the plant. With the...

21 Nov

Posted at 05:22h in Miscellaneous
Dr. R. S. Parmar 39 views

फसल सुधार में पादप आनुवंशिक संसाधनों के प्रभावी उपयोग के लिए पूर्व प्रजनन Plant breeding is an art, science and technology of improving genetic makeup of plants for the benefit of humankind. The genetic diversity of crop plants is the foundation for the sustainable development of new varieties for present and future challenges which arises due to the various biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic diversity provides an option to farmers and plant breeders to develop new and more productive crops / varieties through selection, hybridization and breeding, that are resistant to virulent pests and diseases and adapted to changing environmental conditions. Pre-breeding is necessary for making the germplasm usable in traditional breeding. It is useful in creating vast genetic diversity, broadening genetic base of the population, improving adaptation, value addition by transferring useful alleles from un-adapted sources to adapted cultivars etc. However, use of genes from wild species poses several problems such as cross incompatibility, hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility and linkage between desirable and undesirable alleles. Pre-breeding work has yielded significant results in many field crops such as maize, sorghum, barley, rice, potato, cotton, oilseeds, pulses etc. . The aim should not only be to exploit intraspecific variation within a crop but also to increase interspecific diversity in agriculture through genetic improvement and promotion of less...

19 Sep

Posted at 09:37h in Miscellaneous
Dr.S. Parmar 16 views

फसल सुधार के माध्यम से जैव संवधर्न की भूमिका Plants are the prime source of essential minerals nutrients. These mineral elements which play vital role for human beings for their existence and the continuity race of life. Some plants are rich for some mineral and have deficiency to the other. No plant alone that contain all mineral elements in efficiently for human beings from the earth. Deficiency of mineral is also called as ‘Hidden hunger’, results in poor growth and compromised psychomotor development of children, reduced immunity, exhausted, fatigue, irritability, weakness, hair loss, wasting of muscles, sterility, morbidity and demise (Stein, 2010). Conventional breeding and genetic engineering techniques are the two approaches that may be used to bio-fortify the crops with minerals like iron and zinc (Tiwari et al., 2010).  “Biofortification” or “biological fortification” called as nutritionally enhanced food crops with increased bioavailability to the human population that are developed and grown using modern biotechnology tools, conventional plant breeding methods, and agronomic practices. Biofortification is an upcoming, effective, bright, cost-effective, and sustainable technique of providing micronutrients to a population that has limited access to diverse diets and other micronutrient interventions. Success stories of biofortification include lysine and tryptophan rich QPM (quality protein maize), Vitamin A rich orange sweet potato; generated by crop breeding, oleic acid,...

11 Mar

Posted at 07:11h in Seed production
Satish Kumar 11,663 views

फसल सुधार के लि‍ए फसलों में सूक्ष्मप्रजनन  Various methods of tissue culture and molecular biology have shown tremendous potential for creation, conservation and precise characterization of genetic variability for improvement of fruit, field, forest crops, medicinal and aromatic plants. Micropropagation of crops is now one of the best and most successful examples of the commercial application of tissue culture technology. Propagation of plants from very small plant tissues/ parts under in vitro conditions in the laboratory is called micropropagation. Commercial application of tissue culture started in 1970 in USA with the micropropagation of orchids. Since then it has seen tremendous expansion globally both in terms of number of production units and the number of plants, as well. With the estimated global market of 15 billion US$ per annum for tissue cultured products, even with the exponential expansion in the industry, the demand far exceeds production, leaving enough scope for expansion. Due to higher labour costs in the developed countries, micropropagation industry is now being expanded in the developing countries, with lower wage scales to multiply plants at much cheaper rates even for the international markets. Thus Indian micropropagation industry, though a late starter by almost a decade, has expanded exponentially from 5 million plants annual capacity in 1988 to around 200...