tissue culture - Krishi Guide

14 Jun Micro propagation of Walnut (Juglans regia) by tissue culture method

Posted at 13:50h in Crop Cultivation

Sidharth Sharma1 and Pankaj Kumar2,* 19 views

ऊतक संवर्धन विधि द्वारा अखरोट (जुगलन्स रेजिया) का सूक्ष्म प्रसार Walnut seedling rootstocks have a very long juvenile period, while the seeds produced remain dormant for about 120 days. Although vegetative propagation through cuttings may be an option, this method is less viable, due to low rooting efficiency. जुगलन्स रेजिया, जिसे आमतौर पर फारसी अखरोट के रूप में जाना जाता है, मध्य एशिया का एक महत्वपूर्ण अखरोट फल है। हालांकि इसकी किस्मों की उपज क्षमता अलग-अलग होती है और दुनिया भर में व्यापक रूप से वितरित की जाती है, प्रजनकों और किसानों के सामने आने वाली समस्याएं काफी समान हैं। अखरोट सीडलिंग रूटस्टॉक्स की किशोर अवधि बहुत लंबी होती है, जबकि उत्पादित बीज लगभग 120 दिनों तक निष्क्रिय रहते हैं। हालाँकि, कलमों के माध्यम से वानस्पतिक प्रसार एक विकल्प हो सकता है, लेकिन कम जड़ने की दक्षता के कारण, यह विधि कम व्यवहार्य है। इन सभी समस्याओं को स्वीकार करते हुए, यह समीक्षा पुनर्जनन और प्रसार के क्षेत्र में किए गए शोध कार्यों और प्रयोगों के विश्लेषण पर केंद्रित है क्योंकि यह विधि यौन प्रजनन और भ्रूण के अंकुरण के चरण को लाँघ जाती है। एक सफल सूक्ष्मप्रवर्धन प्रसार विधि, चरणों की एक श्रृंखला के माध्यम से आगे बढ़ती है। ये हैं (i) असेप्टिक संवर्धन की शुरुआत, (ii) प्ररोह गुणन, (iii) सूक्ष्म शाखाओं का जड़...

23 Sep Banana cultivation using tissue culture

Posted at 06:03h in Crop Cultivation

1Sakshi Shastri and 2Ankit Kumar Pandey 1,187 views

ऊतक संर्वधन के उपयोग द्वारा केले की खेती Banana (Musa spp.) is believed to have originated in South Eastern Asia with India as one of the centres of origin apart from Indonesia, Philippines, and Malaysia. Bananas are believed to have been the world first cultivated fruit. Banana ranks first in production and second in area among the fruits grown in India. Banana is one of the popular fruits in India because of its low cost and free availability. Banana provides a balanced diet than other fruits. Banana is composed of mainly water and carbohydrates which provides energy (104 Cal. Per 100 g.) It is rich in Minerals, Phosphorus and Calcium. The major problem however faced in the banana growing areas is the shortage of uniform and disease free planting materials, which is due to the vegetative mode of propagation of the plant (through side sucker) at a slow pace in conventional cultivation This difficulty can be addressed by employing the commercial tissue culture technology for mass production of the popular banana varieties. Tissue culture in banana Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. It is widely used to produce clones of a plant...

24 May Somaclonal Variation: A technique for crop improvement

Posted at 06:27h in Miscellaneous

Ram Niwas1*, Nidhika Rani1, Ankit Kumar Pandey2, Kumar Harsh2, Sampurna Nand Singh2, Gautam Pratap Singh3 and Ankur Kumar Rai2 22 views

सोमाक्लोनल वेरिएशन: फसल सुधार के लिए एक तकनीक Plant tissue culture procedures give a substitute strategy for vegetative propagation of horticultural crops. Clonal propagation through tissue culture (popularly known as micro propagation) can be acknowledged generally quickly inside a little space. The consistency of individual plants inside a clone population is a significant bit of choice of clonal cultivars in business creation. However, genetic variations do happen in undifferentiated cells, detached protoplasts, calli, tissues and morphological qualities of in vitro raised plants. In 1981, Larkin and Scowcroft begat an overall term ''somaclonal variation'' for plant variations got from any type of cell or tissue cultures. Somac1onal variation has been used in an enormous number of plant species such as potato, sugarcane, tobacco, tomato, wheat, rice, brassica and others for different agronomic qualities, for example, disease resistance, plant height, tiller number, maturity and for different physiological and biochemical characteristics. A few valuable somac1onal variations have been gotten and some of them have been released as cultivars (Hare et al. 2016). Somaclonal variation along these lines seems, by all accounts, to be a significant source of genetic fluctuation. Tissue culture-determined plants show variation which is similar to mutations in tissues and cultured cells. It has been discussed whether somaclonal variation is the consequence of previous genetic contrasts...

07 Aug Role of Biotechnology in Horticulture

Posted at 06:13h in Crop Cultivation

1आकांक्षा तिवारी एवं 2श्रेेेया राय 4,395 views

बागवानी में जैव प्रौद्योगिकी की भूमिका इन विट्रो कल्चर तकनीकों में लगभग 60 साल पहले फल की फसलों के लिए कई अनुप्रयोग हुए हैं। जिनमें गुठलीदार फलों के लिए भ्रूण बचाव तकनीक शामिल हैं। जो बाद में इस विधि को व्यावसायिक रूप से स्वीकार्य, जल्दी पकने वाले आड़ू की खेती के उत्पादन के लिए सफलतापूर्वक लागू किया गया है। इन विधियों को अन्य फसलों के लिए भी अनुकूलित किया गया है उदाहरण प्रजनन कार्यक्रमों में प्रारंभिक पकने और बीज रहित अंगूर दोनों का उत्पादन करने के लिए। ऐतिहासिक रूप से फलों की फसलों के लिए इन विट्रो विधि के तरीकों का दूसरा अनुप्रयोग स्ट्रॉबेरी से वायरस पैदा करने वाली बीमारी को खत्म करना था। मेरिस्टेम टिप विधि तब से कई फलों की फसलों के लिए वायरस.अनुक्रमण कार्यक्रमों का एक अभिन्न हिस्सा बन गई है। आमतौर पर थर्मोथेरेपी के साथ। कुछ मामलों में इन विट्रो मे मेरिस्टमेटिक टिप को सूक्ष्म रूप से विकसित करना आवश्यक है। जैसा कि साइट्रस द्वारा किया जाता है । पिछले 25 वर्षों के भीतर फलों की फसलों का सूक्ष्म प्रसार इन विट्रो प्रौद्योगिकी का एक महत्वपूर्ण अनुप्रयोग बन गया है। स्ट्राबेरी पहली फलों की फसल थी जिसके लिए विधि विकसित की गई थी। अब कई फलों की फसलों को व्यावसायिक रूप से सूक्ष्म रूप से प्रचारित किया जा रहा है।...

15 Mar Tissue cultured Banana – Increase farmer's income

Posted at 10:13h in Miscellaneous

22 views

उत्तक संवर्धित केला - बढ़ाये कृषक की आय Bananas are the fruits which now considered as world's 4th dietary staple after rice, wheat and corn. A number of people consume them in one way or the other. Banana (Musa spp.) comes under Musaceae family which have several species cultivated all round the world ( Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana and Musa × paradisiaca for the hybrid Musa acuminata × M. balbisiana). It is world's largest herb and it is not a tree. The fruit type of banana is berry. A typical banana plant has 8 to 30 torpedo-shaped leaves that are up to 12 feet long and 2 feet wide. It is loaded with a number of vitamins and minerals viz., vitamin A, B, C and G. It also contains alkali-forming minerals, potassium, natural sugars, protein and some fat. Bananas contain potassium-40, a radioactive isotope. They are easy to digest and provide quick energy and provide potassium lost during exercise. They are the first choice of many professional athletes when they are competing. Banana is an edible fruit which is majorly grown in sub-tropical and warm climatic conditions. It is majorly grown in subtropical areas. They are grown in over 100 countries. India ranks number 1 in the world’s highest Banana producing country. Ecuador is the world's largest exporter of banana. The best soil type for...

11 Mar Micropropagation in relation to crop improvement.

Posted at 07:11h in Seed production

Satish Kumar 11,664 views

फसल सुधार के लि‍ए फसलों में सूक्ष्मप्रजनन Various methods of tissue culture and molecular biology have shown tremendous potential for creation, conservation and precise characterization of genetic variability for improvement of fruit, field, forest crops, medicinal and aromatic plants. Micropropagation of crops is now one of the best and most successful examples of the commercial application of tissue culture technology. Propagation of plants from very small plant tissues/ parts under in vitro conditions in the laboratory is called micropropagation. Commercial application of tissue culture started in 1970 in USA with the micropropagation of orchids. Since then it has seen tremendous expansion globally both in terms of number of production units and the number of plants, as well. With the estimated global market of 15 billion US$ per annum for tissue cultured products, even with the exponential expansion in the industry, the demand far exceeds production, leaving enough scope for expansion. Due to higher labour costs in the developed countries, micropropagation industry is now being expanded in the developing countries, with lower wage scales to multiply plants at much cheaper rates even for the international markets. Thus Indian micropropagation industry, though a late starter by almost a decade, has expanded exponentially from 5 million plants annual capacity in 1988 to around 200...