Agriculture Knowledge for Everyone
Submit Article Contact Us
KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

नीम Tag

01 Nov

Posted at 07:39h in Miscellaneous
Priyanka Gautam1, R.K. Sawal1, B. Lal2, S. Rakshit1 20 views

नीम: व्यापक लाभ वाला एक बहुउद्देशीय वृक्ष Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a versatile and fast-growing evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent. Known for its resilience and adaptability, Neem has been utilized for thousands of years in traditional medicine, agriculture, and daily life due to its remarkable properties. This tree is often referred to as the "Village Pharmacy" in India because of its myriad uses. In recent years, Neem has gained global attention for its environmental, agricultural, and medicinal benefits. This article explores the utility of Neem as fodder, its soil-improving capacity, and its role as an insecticide. Utility of Neem as Fodder 1. Nutritional Value of Neem Leaves Neem leaves are a valuable source of fodder, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where other fodder resources might be scarce. Although Neem is primarily known for its medicinal and insecticidal properties, it also serves as a supplementary feed for livestock, particularly in regions where traditional fodder crops are limited. Nutrient Composition: Neem leaves are rich in proteins, fiber, and essential minerals. They contain about 12-18% crude protein, which is comparable to some conventional fodder varieties like hedge lucerne and alfalfa. The leaves also provide essential amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins that are crucial for the health and growth of livestock. Digestibility: Neem leaves are moderately...

23 Sep

Posted at 08:03h in Miscellaneous
15 views

Organic farming - the need of the day हम आजादी के समय खाने के लिए अनाज विदेशो से लाते थे, खेतों में बहुत कम पैदा होता था क्योंकि किसानो के खेतो की उर्वरा शक्ति बहुत कमजोर थी। फिर साठ सत्तर के दशक में हरित क्रांति का दौर आया। हरित क्रांति कें समय विभिन्न फसलों के नए-नए संकर बीज आए, बहुत सारे रसायनिक उर्वरक आए, विभिन्न प्रकार के कीडों व बीमारियों को रोकने के लिए नई-नई दवाईयाँ आई। भरपूर अनाज पैदा होना लगा। देश में आज गोदाम गेंहू, चावल, बाजरे इत्यादि से भरे पडे़ है, लेकिन यह दौर कई बुराईयाँ भी साथ लाया। इस दषक में हमारा फसलों का उत्पादन तो बढा पर साथ मे फसलों में नए-नए कीड़े व रोग भी आए। आज जमीन का स्वास्थ्य एवं उर्वरकता खराब हो रही है। खेतों में विकारों की मात्रा बढ़ रही है।भूमि की उर्वरा शक्ति में कमी आ रही है। मनुष्यों में विभिन्न प्रकार के कीटनाशकों से कैंसर, चर्म रोग जैसी भयानक बिमारी बहुत ज्यादा होने लगी है। साथ ही अनाज का स्वाद भी पहले जैसा नहीं रहा। यह सब बिना सोेच-विचार किए एवं बिना अनुभव के रासायनिक उर्वरक एवं कीटनाशक रसायनों के अत्यादिक उपयोग करने के कारण हुआ। हम अपने देशी तरीकों को भूल रहे है। वर्तमान परिस्थितियों को देखते हुये गोबर की खाद, हरी...

07 Apr

Posted at 04:41h in Crop disease
सोनू कुमार महावर 16 views

Biopesticides: An Eco-friendly Tool for Crop Production जैव-कीटनाशक पारिभाषिक शब्द उन यौगिकों को परिभाषित करता है जो कि व्यापक रासायनिक कीटनाशकों के बजाय विशिष्ट जैविक प्रभाव के माध्यम से कृषि कीटों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए उपयोग किये जाते है। यह जैव नियंत्रण घटकों - यानी प्राकृतिक जीवों या प्राकृतिक सामग्री (जैसे कि जानवरों, पौधों, बैक्टीरिया, या कुछ खनिजों) से उत्पन्न पदार्थों को संदर्भित करता है, जिनमें उनके जीन या चयापचय पदार्थ शामिल हैं, जो कि कीटनाशकों को नियंत्रित करने के लिए उपयोग मे लिए जाते हैं। एफ.ए.ओ. की परिभाषा के अनुसार, जैव कीटनाशकों में वो जैव नियंत्रण घटक शामिल होते हैं जो निष्क्रिय घटक हैं जो कि जैव नियंत्रण घटकों जैसे कि पैरासिटोइड, शिकारी, और कीट रोगजनक निमेटोड की कई प्रजातियां के विपरीत सक्रिय रूप से कीटों (हानिकारक जीव) की तलाश करते हैं। जैव कीटनाशकों के प्रकारः 1. सूक्ष्मजीव कीटनाशकः अमेरिकी पर्यावरण संरक्षण संस्था (ईपीए) कि परिभाषा के अनुसार जैव कीटनाशक इस तरह के कीटनाशक हैं जो कुछ निश्चित प्रकार के प्राकृतिक जीवों जैसे  पशु, पौधे एवं  जीवाणुओं तथा  कुछ खनिजों से  प्राप्त  होते हैं। सूक्ष्मजीव कीटनाशकों में सक्रिय संघटक के रूप में एक सूक्ष्मजीव, जीवाणु, कवक, विषाणु, प्रोटोजोएन या शैवाल होते हैं। सूक्ष्मजीव कीटनाशक कई अलग-अलग प्रकार की कीटों को नियंत्रित कर सकते हैं। इन सूक्ष्मजीव जैव कीटनाशकों के अलग-अलग सक्रिय संघटक लक्ष्य कीट के लिए...

02 Mar

Posted at 04:52h in Crop disease
Dr. H.Chowdhury*, Dr. S. Kumar** and Dr. M. L. Roy*** 14 views

फसलों मे कीट नि‍यंत्रण के लि‍ए जैवि‍क कीटनाशकों का प्रयोग Pesticides having biological origin i.e., viruses, bacteria, pheromones, plant or animal compounds are known as biopesticides. They are natural in origin derived from animals, plants, bacteria, and certain non-synthetic minerals. Bio-pesticides are highly specific affecting only the targeted pest or closely related pests. They are safer for living beings. Biopesticides are one of the promising alternatives to manage environmental pollution and subsequently has gained interest in view of the growing demands for organic food. Biopesticides can successfully be used for specific crops and niche areas as a component of IPM. Biopesticide in India  In India, so far only 12 types of biopesticides have been registered under the Insecticide Act, 1968. Neem based pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis, NPV (Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus) and Trichoderma are the major biopesticides produced and used in India. Whereas more than 190 synthetics are registered for use as chemical pesticides. Most of the biopesticides find use in public health, except a few that are used in agriculture.   Consumption of biopesticides has increased from 219 metric tons in 1996-97 to 683 metric tons in 2000-01, and about 85% of the biopesticides used are neem based products. Consumption of chemical pesticides has significantly fallen from 56,114 MT to 43,584 MT during the same period. Table 1:   Annual availability of...

09 Oct

Posted at 04:46h in Soil & Fertilizers
K.Jeevika 16 views

मृदा पोषण में तरल जैवि‍क खाद की भूमिका Manures are organic materials with plant nutrients in small concentrations. Organic manures are the main source of replenishing soil fertility. Organic farming is an internationally regulated legally enforced and standardized alternative paradigm relies on ecological processes, biodiversity for sustaining the health of soil. Solid organic fertilizer, cattle manure and green manure are the most nutritive organic fertilizers with an average nitrogen (N) content of 1.5%. Now a days Liquid Organic Manure has largely remained in background of bio-dynamic farming. The plant can absorb nutrients about 20 times fast through the leaves than applied through the soil. Therefore, liquid manures are helpful to overcome temporary nutrient shortages. In organic farming it is mainly used to stimulate growth during the season when nutrient uptake through the roots is hindered. Liquid manure is from farmyard manure or plant material (plant teas or slurry). Nutrient rich material is soaked in water for several days or weeks to undergo fermentation. Frequent stirring encourages microbial activity in liquid manures. The resulting liquid can either be used as a foliar fertilizer or applied to the soil. Types of Liquid Organic Manures 1. Panchagavya In India traditional liquid fertilizer called Panchagavya, a manure tea made by fermenting cow dung, cow urine, milk, curd and ghee in water  have a modest NPK...

15 Dec

Posted at 07:10h in Crop disease
Hiralal Jana 13 views

नीम के बायोपेस्टीसाइड: एकीकृत कीट प्रबंधन के लिए उपयुक्त जैव कीटनाशक Continuous and excessive use of chemical pesticides over a period of time has resulted in serious problems such as development of insect resistance, insecticide-induced resurgence of insect-pests, toxicity to non-target organisms and also to human beings. Now there is an urgent need to evolve an alternate coherent pest management programme, which is effective and environment friendly. It would be appropriate to identify chemicals, which render crop plants unattractive or unpalatable for feeding by insect-pests, and at the same time are fully biodegradable. Several plant products possess the property of making crop foliage unattractive for feeding, and hence, form an important component of the current strategy of pest control called “Integrated Pest Management (IPM)”. It involves planned execution of combination of different pest management practices, including cultural control, use of resistant varieties, biological control, use of synthetic chemicals, whenever necessary, use of pheromones, use of botanical products such as those derived from neem. Making Neem water extract  At first collection of ripe fruits placing a net below the neem tree. Fruits are dissolved in water and pressure is given by hands. In this way seeds are separated. Then seeds are collected from it and sun dried and if it is rainy season a machine is used for...