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बंदगोभी Tag

30 Jul

Posted at 04:47h in Crop Cultivation
पूजा रानी, वी. पी. एस. पंघाल, शिवानी और वीरसैन 16 views

फूलगोभी और पत्तागोभी की उत्पादन तकनीक सर्दी के मौसम में गोभी वर्गीय सब्जियों में विशेषकर फूलगोभी और पत्तागोभी का महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। इनमे विटामिन ए, सी, प्रोटीन, कार्बोहाइड्रेट और अन्य खनिज पदार्थ पर्याप्त मात्रा में पाये जाते है। इनमे कुछ औषधीय गुण भी पाये जाते है जो कैंसर रोधी होते है। सब्जी के अलावा इनका उपयोग सूप और आचार बनाने में भी किया जाता है। गोभी वर्गीय सब्जियों के लि‍ए जलवायु: गोभी वर्गीय सब्जियों के लिए ठंडी और नम जलवायु की आवश्यकता होती है। अधिक गर्मी और शुष्क स्थिति में इन सब्जियों की गुणवत्ता खराब हो जाती है। ये अधिक ठंड को सहन कर सकती है। भूमि की तैयारी: गोभी की अच्छी पैदावार के लिए अच्छे जल निकास वाली बलुई दोमट भूमि उत्तम मानी जाती है। गोभी की खेती के लिए भूमि का पी एच 5.5 से 6.8 तक अच्छा माना गया है। अम्लीय भूमि में गोभी की खेती अच्छी नहीं होती है। खेत तैयार करने के लिए सबसे पहले एक गहरी जुताई कर हैरो से मिटटी को भुरभरा बना लेना चाहिए और फिर पट्टा चलाकर भूमि को समतल बना ले। उन्नत किस्मों का चुनाव: गोभी की खेती में उन्नत किस्मों का काफी महत्व है। अगेती, मध्यम और पछेती खेती के लिए अलग अलग किस्मों का लगाना चाहिए क्योंकि मौसम के अनुसार न लगाने...

29 Nov

Posted at 06:29h in Crop disease
सीताराम देवांगन 19 views

16 Major pests and diseases affecting Cole vegetables and their control सब्जियों में गोभीवर्गीय सब्जियों का बहुत महत्व है। यह क्रुसीफेरी कुल के अंर्तंगत आती है। गोभीवर्गीय फसल के अन्तर्गत फूलगोभी, पत्तागोभी, गांठ गोभी, मूली, सरसों आदि आते हैं। इन सब्जियों में कैलिशयम, मेग्नेशियम, फास्फोरस, विटामिन 'ए एवं 'सी इत्यादि भरपुर मात्रा में पाये जाते है। इसे कर्इ प्रकार के कीट व व्याधियां नुकसान पहुचाते है। एक अनुमान के अनुसार 25-30 प्रतिशत गोभी की फसल कीडों और व्याधियों के प्रकोप से नष्ट हो जाती है। देश के कुल खेती योग्य क्षेत्रफल से सबिजयों का क्षेत्रफल लगभग 3 प्रतिशत है। जबकि कुल नाशीजीव रसायनो का 15 प्रतिशत प्रयोग सबिजयों पर ही हो रहा है। अत: कीट एंव व्याधियां का प्रभावशाली नियत्रंण जरूरी है। गोभी वर्गीय सबिजयों के कीट एवं व्याधियां का नियंत्रण निम्न प्रकार करें गोभी वर्गीय सब्जियों को नुकसान पहुँचाने वाले प्रमुख कीट कटुवा सूडी, माहो, हीरक पृष्ठ पतंगा (डाइमंड बैक मौथ), तम्बाकु की इल्ली, अर्धकुंडलक कीट (सेमीलूँपर), गोभी की तितली, सरसों की आरा मक्खी आदि हैं गोभी वर्गीय सब्जियों को नुकसान पहुँचाने वाली व्याधियों में जड गांठ (रूट नाट), मृदुरोमिल आसिता (डाउनी मिल्डयू), झुलसा रोग या आल्टनेरिया पानी धब्बा, काला धब्बा (ब्लेक स्पाट), काला सड़न रोग, मुलायम नरम सडन (साफ्ट राट), भूरी गलन या लाल सड़न, आद्र्रगलन रोग, इत्यादि हैं। इस लेख में गोभी वर्गीय...

19 Jun

Posted at 06:56h in Crop disease
Pritin Sontakke 27 views

उत्तर पूर्वी भारत के मेघालय में सरसों जाति‍य में फसलों कीट पतंग सम्मिश्र और उनके प्रबंधन की रणनीतियाँ  Cole crops having family brassicaceae are one of the leading commercial vegetable groups in the world. Owing to its high nutritional value, brassicaceous plants and their hybrids, including various cultivars of cabbage, broccoli and mustard, are extensively grown across the world. It provides much needed dietary fibres, essential minerals and vitamins. Cole crops are also the major component of vegetables in north eastern states of India.  About 37 insect pests species have been reported to feed on cruciferous crops (Lal, 1975). Amongst all, diamondback moth, P. xylostella, webworm (Hellula undalis Fab.), cabbage butterflies (Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae Linn.), aphids (Lipaphis erysimi (K.) and Brevicoryne brassicae Linn.) are most common insect pests on vegetable brassicas in India (Srinivasan and Murthy, 1991). Therefore, keeping in view the importance of cruciferous crops in the country including north eastern region present communication is aims to determine the impact of different insect pest and theit management strategies.   1. Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Plutellidae: Lepidoptera) The larvae are pale yellowish green with fine black hairs scattered all over the body (Fig. 1). The moths are brown or gray, with conspicuous white spots on the fore wing, which appear like diamond...

15 Oct

Posted at 10:02h in Organic farming
Lalu Prasad yadav 13 views

गोभी वर्गीय फसलों का जैवि‍क उत्‍पादन  Cole crops are a group in Brassicaceae that includes varieties of the species Brassica oleracea such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts found in the Mediterranean region. Cole crops are high in carotenoids, vitamins C and A, calcium, iron, magnesium, and contain synergrin alkaloid. Isothiocyanates are biologically active compounds that are of considerable interest to farmers because of their ability to suppress some insects, diseases, nematodes, and weeds in a process known as biofumigation. The number of crops in this family, their nutritional qualities, health benefits, compatibility in planting rotations, and pest suppressive qualities make these crops an excellent choice for many organic farmers. Varietal selection for organic cultivation of Cole crop: Factors influencing selection of varieties include market demands, disease resistance, suitability to production systems, and regional adaptability. Diseases/ pest   Resistant varieties Black leg Cabbage- Pusa Drum Head Club root Cabbage- Badger Shipper Cabbage mosaic Cabbage- Badger Market, Badger Ballhead Sclerotinia rot Cabbage- MR-1Cauliflower-  Janavaon Ewawh, Pusa Snowball K-2 S Black rot  Cabbage- Green Land Hammer, Pusa Muktha, MidoreCauliflower- Pusa Shubra, Golden Acre, late gaintBroccoli- Solo Head Black spot or curd blight Cauliflower- Pusa shubra Cabbage butterfly Cabbage- Green Acre, Red Rock, Red pickling Nutrient Management: Raised nursery beds of 2 x 1.5 m were prepared and 10 kg FYM was mixed in the soil. Seeds are sown in lines 5...

18 Aug

Posted at 06:45h in Crop disease
N.R. Prasannakumar 20 views

गोभी फसलों के कीट पतंगों का पर्यावरण-अनुकूल प्रबंधन Cole crops are cultivated extensively in tropical and temperate regions of the world including India. The chief constraint in the production of cole crops is the damage caused by pest complex right from germination till harvest.  In India, a total of 37 insect pests have been recorded on cole crops (Lal, 1975). The extent of damage due to these pests in India is known from 7 to 90 per cent with consequent reduction in yield from 20 to 80 per cent (Prasad, 1963). Since cole crops are highly remunerative, intensive plant protection measures involving a number of insecticides are common. In spite of large scale and indiscriminate applications of insecticides, the pests have been found to occur in severe form in all cole crop growing areas. This has resulted in several problems viz., pesticide resistance, resurgence, residue problems, death of natural enemies, environmental pollution etc(Vastrad et al., 2004). These undesirable effects of synthetic chemicalshave encouraged the development of non-chemical package or a programme with least pesticide usage to manage the pests. In recent years, there is a lot of awareness and preference for organically produced foodstuff in the country. Therefore, ecofriendly pest management has gained worldwide attention. This technology is not only effective against crop pests...

30 Apr

Posted at 07:54h in Organic farming
Bindumathi Mohan 23 views

फूलगोभी की जैविक खेती के लिए उत्पादन तकनीक  Cauliflower is one of the most popular Cole crop grown in the area. The pre-floral fleshy apical meristem modifies itself into a curd. This is the eatable part and is white in colour and is enclosed by inner leaves. Curd colour varies from white, cream-white, yellow, green or red. Research studies for the organic cultivation of cauliflower by CRT have resulted in standardization of practices in the cultivation of Cauliflower. Growing Season: Temperature affects vegetative growth and is critical to curding and reproductive stages of crop growth. Optimum temperature for growth of young plant is around 230 C and around 17-20 0 C in later stages. If temperature increases, vegetative growth continues and if temperature lowers it forms small curds. Day length and temperature influence transformation from vegetative to curding and curd development stage. For optimum curd development plants have to pass the juvenile phase and attain certain growth. Fluctuating temperatures at curd development cause many disorders. Growth can be classified as vegetative phase, curd initiation phase and curd development phase. Soil for Cauliflower: Cauliflower grows on sandy loam to clay loams. Soil prerequisite is that it should b well drained and rich in organic matter. A soil pH of 5.5-6.5 is optimum. Cauliflower Varieties: The varieties commonly grown in Hosur area...

01 Sep

Posted at 10:19h in Crop Varietes
13 views

बंद गोभी की उन्‍नत प्रजातियॉं किस्‍म  द्वारा विकसित उपज (कुं / हैक्‍टेयर) विशेषताएं Sel-8  IARI Katrain   Developed in 198d for northern hills and gangetic plains. Plant with short stalk, medium sized light green leaves having wavy margins and slightly puckered leaf blade. Heads slightly flat, resistant to black rot. BSS-50 (Bajrang) Beejo Sheetal Seeds, Jalnal   Heads are dark green, smooth, highly compact av. head weight 1 kg, outer leaves are upright, matures in 65 days but can stand on the field for 45 days after maturity, tolerate high temperature upto 360C, resistnace to Fusarium wilt.  BSS-32 (Survarna)  Beejo Sheetal Seeds, Jalnal    Heads are round, av head weight 3 kg, strong smooth outer leaves, matures in 110 days  BSS-44  Beejo Sheetal Seeds, Jalnal    Heads are roundish, av weight 2.5 kg, matures in 75 days but can stand for 20 days in field after maturity, grows well both in cold and hot weather, resistance to Fusarium wilt.  BSS-115 (Sudha)  Beejo Sheetal Seeds, Jalnal    Heads are hightly compact, good interior structure, matures in 75 days and can be grown round the year, av. weight of head is 2-3 kg, have resistance to Fusarium wilt. Sri Ganesh Gol Maharashtra Hyprid Seeds, Jalna.  750- 875  Plants are vigorous, heads are round, compact, attractive, bluish green becomes ready for harvest in 90 to 95 days after nursery sowing, resistance to yellowing , good transport quality  Golder Acre  IARI   - Pusa Drum Head  IARI 400 Resistant to...