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कायि‍क विकार Tag

11 Apr

Posted at 07:23h in Crop disease
Lokesh Yadav and V.K. Patel 21 views

आम में कायि‍क विकार, भारतीय आम उत्पादकों के लिए एक बड़ी परेशानी Mango orchards in India are facing declining growth in recent time leading to decrease in yield and productivity. Although a number of factors are responsible for mango yield decline, yet physiological disorders play more devastating and vital role. As a result, mango growers are losing their faith and interest in mango orchards and trying to shift their cultivation practices from mango to other crops. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the choicest fruit of India in terms of production, economy and acceptability by the consumers. In India it covers around 36 per cent of total fruits growing area. Owing to delicious taste, succulence type and exotic flavour it enjoys the same popularity in the tropics as apple in the temperate region. India is the largest producer of choice table varieties of mango in the world. More than 1000 mango varieties are under cultivation in India, each differing in shape, size and taste. But the production share of mango in India is quite low (20.3%) with total annual production of only 15.19 million tons due to low productivity (6.6 tonnes/ha). Despite India has got excellent export mango varieties (Dashehari, grown in northern India, Alphonso and Kesar in western India and krishnabhog, Gulabkhas and Himsagar in...

05 Oct

Posted at 07:27h in Crop disease
विधा भाटी 8 views

10 Major physiological disorders of palm and their management खजूर शुष्क और अर्द्ध शुष्क क्षेत्रों की बहुत महत्वपूर्ण बागवानी फसल है, जहाँ का तापमान 50 डिग्री सेल्सियस के ऊपर, पानी और जल की प्रकृति क्षारीय हो, वार्षिक वर्षा 200 मिमी. से कम हो और कोई अन्य व्यवसायिक फसल नहीं होती हो । अतः उन क्षेत्रों के लिए खजूर की फसल एक वरदान है, क्योंकि खजूर की खेती में लागत कम, उत्पादन अधिक और बाजार में मांग भी अधिक होती है। यह फसल इन क्षेत्रों की अर्थव्यवस्था और सामाजिक जीवन में केंद्रीय भूमिका निभाती है।  उत्तरी अफ्रीका और मध्य पूर्व एशिया के शुष्क क्षेत्रों में खजूर के फल एक प्रमुख खाध्य फल है। खजूर की 3000 से अधिक किस्में हैं। खजूर एक बहुत ही पौष्टिक फल है, जिसमें शर्करा, आयरन, पोटेशियम, कैल्शियम और निकोटिक अम्ल आदि तत्व प्रचुर मात्रा में पाये जाते है। एक किलोग्राम ताजा पके हुए फलों से लगभग 3150 किलो कैलोरी मिलती है। ताजा फलों में 20 % नमी, 50-65 % शर्करा, 2.5 % रेशे, 2.0 % प्रोटीन और 2.0 % के लगभग वसा, खनिज और पेक्टिक पदार्थ शामिल होते है। इस प्रकार, खजूर के फलों में बहुत पोषक खाद्य पदार्थ उपलब्ध है। रेगिस्तान के लोगों के आहार में जहां पूरे पोषक तत्व नही होते हैं, वहां खजूर उनके आहार का पूरक फल हो सकता...

01 May

Posted at 04:43h in Crop disease
Vijay Kumar Suryawanshi 29 views

7 प्रमुख फल फसलों के कायि‍क विकार तथा उनका प्रबंधन।  Disturbance in the plant tissue metabolic activity and environmental variables like temperature, light, aeration and nutritional imbalances resulting disorders in the fruit crops. In fruit crops, the deficiency of micro-nutrients just like Zn, Bo, Mn  causes many more disorders than that of macro-nutrients. 1. Physiological disorders of Mango: Spongy Tissue in Mango:  It is a major problem in Alphonso, It is a physiological disorder in which fruit pulp remains unripe because of unhydrolyzed starch due to physiological and biochemical disturbances because of high temperature, convective heat and post harvest exposure to sunlight. Management: Use of mulching and post harvest exposure to low temperatures between 10-15 C for 10-18 hours has been useful in reducing the malady. Biennial Bearing in Mango: This is one of the most burning problems since it renders mango cultivation less remunerative to the growers. Biennial bearing is also known as alternate bearing. It indicates yield variations in alternate years i.e. an year of optimum  or  heavy  fruiting followed by a year of little or no fruiting.  The  problem  of biennial  bearing  is  a  varietal character governed by genetic makeup, and this tendency starts exhibiting in mango plant even at the second year of fruiting and become more serious as the age advances. Management : Proper  upkeep  and  after ...

30 Jul

Posted at 08:47h in Crop disease
Vijay Kumar Suryawanshi 31 views

टमाटर और गोभी वर्गीय सब्जियों के महत्वपूर्ण कायि‍क विकार और उनके प्रबंधन केे तरीके।  Physiological disorders of Tomato  1. Blossom-end rot in Tomato This disorder of tomato that can appear on fruits at any time in their development, but most commonly appears when fruits are one-third to one-half grown. The initial symptoms are water-soaked spots on the blossom end of the fruit. These spots later enlarge and become black. Secondary infection by other decay causing organisms usually follows. The cause of this disorder is considered to be calcium deficiency in the developing fruit. Extreme fluctuations in moisture, root pruning and excessive nitrogen fertilization can also result in blossom end rot. Management: Avoid excessive application of Nitrogen particularly in ammonium form. Application of lime or calcium based fertilizers (eg. Calcium Ammonium Nitrate) as basal dose is commonly used to control this physiological disorder. Foliar spray of Calcium chloride (3 g/litre of water) also controls this disorder. 2. Catface in Tomato Catface is a condition involving malformation and scarring of fruits,particularly at blossom ends. Affected fruits are puckered with swollen protuberances and can have cavities extending deep into the flesh. Generally, any disturbance to flowers can lead to abnormally shaped fruits. Extreme heat, drought, low temperature, and contact with hormone-type herbicide sprays may cause flower injury. Management: Delayed pruning, balancing the internal...