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कार्बन Tag

16 Jul

Posted at 06:52h in Soil & Fertilizers
मुकेश कुमार मीणा 16 views

Importance of soil organic carbon in increasing crop productivity मृदा कार्बनिक पदार्थ का एक मापनीय घटक है। एसओसी (SOC) का मतलब है "मिट्टी में कार्बनिक पदार्थ के रूप में संग्रहीत कार्बन, जैसे कि विघटित पौधे और पशु पदार्थ"।  कार्बनिक पदार्थ अधिकांश मृदा के द्रव्यमान का केवल 2-10% हिस्सा बनाते हैं और कृषि मृदा के भौतिक, रासायनिक और जैविक कार्य में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। कार्बनिक पदार्थ पोषक तत्वों के प्रतिधारण और परिवर्तन, मृदा संरचना, नमी प्रतिधारण और उपलब्धता, प्रदूषकों के विघटन और कार्बन पृथक्करण में योगदान देते हैं। कार्बनिक पदार्थ कोई भी जीवित या मृत पशु और वनस्पति पदार्थ है। इसमें जीवित पौधों की जड़ें और जानवर, अपघटन के विभिन्न चरणों में पौधे और जानवरों के अवशेष, और सूक्ष्मजीव और उनके उत्सर्जन शामिल हैं। खेतों में कार्बनिक पदार्थ के मुख्य स्रोत पौधों का कूड़ा (पौधे की जड़ें, ठूंठ, पत्ते, गीली घास) और पशु खाद हैं। शताब्दी के मध्य तक भारत की जनसंख्या और भी बढ़ जाएगी। हमें अधिक खाद्यान्न की आवश्यकता होगी। इसके लिए हमें कम भूमि और मौसम परिवर्तन की कठोर स्थितियों के साथ अधिक अन्न उत्पन्न करने की आवश्यकता होगी। इन स्थितियों में भूमि की क्षमता को बढ़ाना ही एकमात्र उपाय दिखाई देता है। इसके विभिन्न वैज्ञानिक मृदा ऑर्गनिक कार्बन तकनीक को अपनाने की बात कहते हैं। मिट्टी में कार्बन पेड़-पौधों, पशुओं, जीवाणुओं,...

26 Jul

Posted at 10:49h in Soil & Fertilizers
Durga C* 13 views

कार्बन सीक्वेशट्रेशन (पृथक्‍करण) प्रक्रिया   Carbon capture and storage (CCS) (or carbon capture and sequestration) is the process of capturing waste carbon dioxide (CO2) from large point sources, such as fossil fuel power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally an underground geological formation. The aim is to prevent the release of large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere. It is a potential means of mitigating the contribution of fossil fuel emissions to global warming and ocean acidification. Although CO2 has been injected into geological formations for several decades for various purposes, including enhanced oil recovery. Capturing and compressing CO2 may increase the fuel needs of a coalfired CCS plant by 25-40%. These and other system costs are estimated to increase the cost of the energy produced by 21-91% for purpose built plants. Applying the technology to existing plants would be more expensive especially if they are far from a sequestration site. Capture CO2 Capturing CO2 is probably most effective at point sources, such as large fossil fuel or biomass energy facilities, industries with major CO2 emissions, natural gas processing, synthetic fuel plants and fossil fuelbased hydrogen production plants. Extraction (recovery) from air is possible, but not very practical. The CO2 concentration drops rapidly moving away...

17 Mar

Posted at 06:56h in Soil & Fertilizers
26 views

बायोचर - कृषि का भविष्य The amount of carbon in the soil is a direct indication of good quality of soil. Higher carbon stocks have a direct correlation with increased agricultural yields through improved soil health. In the current scenario of climate change and global warming, much of carbon in atmosphere has to be sequestrated into soil carbon pool so that increasing CO2 in the atmosphere and resulting warming could be reduced. The use of biochar can be a simple yet powerful tool to combat climate change by sequestering much of atmospheric carbon into soil as well as providing an opportunity for the processing of agricultural and other waste into useful clean energy. What is Biochar? Biochar is a solid material obtained from the carbonisation of biomass. Biochar is produced through a process known as pyrolysis, means thermal decomposition of organic material (i.e. wood chips etc, crop waste and manure) under limited supply of oxygen (O2), and at relatively low temperatures (<700°C). This process often mirrors the production of charcoal, which is perhaps the most ancient industrial technology developed by humankind. However, it distinguishes itself from charcoal and similar materials by the fact that biochar is produced with the intent to be applied to soil as a means to improve soil health, to filter and retain nutrients from...

14 Sep

Posted at 08:30h in Miscellaneous
Sainath Nagula 11 views

ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्पादन पर मानवकृत गतिविधियों और कृषि कार्यो का प्रभाव Human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earth’s atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gas­es, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness. Human activities like burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), deforestation and various agricultural and industrial practices, are altering the composition of the atmosphere and contributing to climate change.  These human activities have led to increased atmospheric concentrations of a number of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone in the lower part of the atmosphere. The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere. GHGs affect climate by altering incoming solar radiation and out-going infrared (thermal) radiation that are part of Earth’s energy balance. Changing the atmospheric abundance or properties of these gases and particles can lead to a warming or cooling of the climate system. Since the start of the industrial era (about 1750), the overall effect of human activities on climate has been a warm­ing influence. The human impact on climate during this era greatly exceeds that due to known changes in natural processes, such as solar changes and volcanic eruptions. Human activities result in emissions of four principal green­house gases: carbon dioxide...

14 Sep

Posted at 08:02h in Miscellaneous
Sainath Nagula 13 views

कार्बन ट्रेडिंग पर अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सम्मेलन और वैश्विक पहल Carbon is the common denominator in all polluting gases that cause global warming. Carbon dioxide is the gas most commonly thought of as a greenhouse gas. It is responsible for about half of the atmospheric heat retained by trace gasses. It is produced primarily by burning of fossils fuels and deforestation accompanied by burning and bio-degradation of biomass.  It is estimated that if the CO2 increases in the atmosphere at the present rate and no positive efforts are pursued, the level of CO2 in the atmosphere would go up to 800-1000 ppm by the end of current century. Which may create havoc for all living creatures on earth. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have predicted that unless emissions of greenhouse gases decrease there will be a temperature increase of between 1.4oC and 5.8oC by 2100. Carbon trading The idea behind carbon trading is quite similar to the trading of securities or commodities in a marketplace. Carbon would be given an economic value, allowing people, companies or nations to trade it. If a nation bought carbon, it would be buying the rights to burn it, and a nation selling carbon would be giving up its rights to burn it.  A market would be created to facilitate the buying...