कि‍न्‍नू

02 May किन्नू में लगने वाले पीड़क एवं उनका समेकित प्रबंधन

Posted at 06:49h in Crop disease

शिखा डेक्का1, मीनाक्षी मलिक 2, राज कुमार काकोटी1, मुकेश सहगल2 एवं सुभाष चंद्र2 19 views

Integrated Pests management of kinnow नीबू वर्गीय फल वाली फसलें बहुवर्षीय एवं वृक्ष नुमा होती हैं। भारत में फल उत्पादन की दृष्टि से नीबू वर्गीय फल तीसरे स्थान पर है। इस वर्ग में लगभग 162 जातियाँ आती हैं। इस वर्ग में मेन्ड्रिन नारंगी (किन्‍नों, नागपुर, खासी दार्जिलिंग) को एक बड़े क्षेत्रफल में उगाया जाता है। किन्नू के लिए कम आर्द्रता, गर्मी और अपेक्षाकृत सुहानी सर्दी अनुकूल होती है। उत्तर-भारत में जहाँ पर तापमान गिर कर 1-66° से 4-40° सेल्सियस तक पहुँच जाता है वहाँ किन्नू के फल अच्छे रंग, स्वाद और अत्यधिक रसदार होते हैं। भारत में किन्‍नो का क्षेत्र लगभग 56910 हेक्टेयर है जिससे लगभग 1222-66 मेट्रिक टन वार्षिक उत्पादन होता है। किन्नू एवं नारंगी की खेती पंजाब, हरियाणा, हिमाचल प्रदेश, राजस्थान का उत्तर-पश्चिमी भाग और उत्तर प्रदेश में की जाती है | किन्नूके लिए बलुई या बलुई दोमट मृदा अच्छे उत्पादन के लिए सर्वोत्तम होती है। नीबू वर्गीय फल की दो किस्मों “राजा (सिट्रस नोबिलिस) व “विलो लिफ” (सिट्रस डेलिसिओसा) के संकरण से किन्‍नो मेन्ड्रिन तैयार किया गया है। उत्तरी-पश्चिमी भारत में किन्‍नो के प्रवर्धन की सबसे सफल विधि टी बडिंग है जिसको जट्टी-खट्टी या जम्भेरी रुट स्टोक से तैयार किया जाता है तथा अन्य भागों में खरना-खट्टा से वानस्पितिक प्रवर्धन किया जाता है। किन्नू जनवरी-फरवरी माह में परिपक्व हो जाते हैं। इनके फल...

04 Jul Economics of Kinnow fruit Production

Posted at 09:13h in Miscellaneous

Vikram Yogi*, Pramod Kumar1, Mukesh Kumar2 22 views

कि‍न्‍नू फल उत्पादन का अर्थशास्त्र Kinnow Fruit Fruits play an important role in the agricultural economy of India. Fruits are rich source of vitamins and have very high nutritional value. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has recommended that a balance diet should contain 85 gm of fruits per capita per day, but the availability of fruits per capita in India is only 48 gm per day as compared to 276 gm in U.K., 180 gm in Australia and 131 gm in Philippines. Citrus occupies a place of importance in the fruit wealth and economy of the country. Demand for citrus fruits and their products have increased and it is likely to go up further because of increased nutritional awareness. Kinnow was introduced in North India during 1947. It is hybrid of king and willow leaf mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour X Citrus deliciosa Tan.). The fruits are medium sized with thin, tight and orange coloured skin. It is more convenient to grow kinnow in frost prone, dry and arid areas, with the help of less irrigation, as compared to sweet orange. It is very rich in vitamin 'C', sugars and in addition to this it is also contain vitamin 'A', vitamin 'B' and vitamin 'K'. India earns sizeable amount of foreign exchange by exporting kinnow...

03 Sep Major Diseases of Mandarin Orange in North Eastern Hill Regions of Darjeeling and Sikkim and their Management

Posted at 10:51h in Crop disease

Ravindra Kumar 22 views

दार्जिलिंग और सिक्किम के उत्तर पूर्वी पहाड़ी क्षेत्र में मेंडारि‍न ऑरेंज के प्रमुख रोग तथा उनका प्रबंधन Fruit crops play an important role in the life of farmers of North Eastern hill regions. Fruit crops make hill agriculture vibrant and potentiate the economic condition of the farmers of this region. In Darjeeling region of West Bengal and Sikkim, cultivation of fruit crops mainly Darjeeling Mandarin is main source of livelihood for the farmers. In India, every year a huge loss to citrus production occurs due to damage caused by insect pests, diseases and off course physiological disorders. All these factors together cause a great damage to citrus crops; and growers as well as consumers are disadvantaged with it. A. Disease Pests and their Management: The diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, virus, virus like pathogens, etc. They cause severe damage to the mandarin orange cultivation. The major diseases affecting citrus crops in Darjeeling and Sikkim regions are as follows: 1. Gummosis disease (Causal organism: Phytophthora palmivora, P. citrophthora, P. nicotianae var. parasitica): The characteristic symptom of the disease is exudation of gum from bark of the tree trunk. The leaves of affected plants, turn yellow and show blight symptoms. The bark shows conspicuous brown staining along with hardened masses of gum on the surface. The bark cracks open and...

03 Sep 7 Major Pests of Mandarin Orange in North Eastern Hill Regions of Darjeeling and Sikkim and their Management

Posted at 10:51h in Crop disease

Ravindra Kumar 29 views

दार्जिलिंग और सिक्किम के उत्तर पूर्वी पहाड़ी क्षेत्र में मेंडारि‍न ऑरेंज के 7 प्रमुख कीट तथा उनका प्रबंधन Major insect pests problematic to mandarin orange in North Eastern Hill regions of Darjeeling and Sikkim are leaf miner, citrus psylla, citrus fruit sucking moth, citrus stem borer etc. These major insects and their management are as following- 1. Citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella): It is a common pest of citrus crops in India. The adult of this pest is a minute silvery white or greyish moth. Usually leaf miner is more active during their growth period i.e., in spring and rainy seasons. Tender leaves are attacked and leaf miner larvae feed on the epidermis, producing silver coloured serpentine mines, generally on the lower surface. Often the tiny caterpillars/grubs are found in them. Larvae also attack the tender branches where they mine under the epidermis. Both young and old trees are affected but the damage to young plants is more serious. A heavy attack may lead severe defoliation. The infested trees are devitalized and look sickly. Leaves which are mined also serve as loci of infection for citrus canker disease. Management: Chipping and destruction of mined leaves in the primary stage reduces insect infestation. Timely sprays of Dimethoate @ 2ml/L of water or Profenofos @ 2-3ml/L of water or Thiamethoxam...

03 Jan Kagzi lime cultivation for sustainable additional economic boom

Posted at 06:26h in Crop Cultivation

Christian R. R 25 views

कागजी नींबू उत्‍पादन से पायें लगातार अतिरिक्त आर्थिक लाभ। Citrus is native to a large area. There are some popular species of citrus group known as Kagzi lime (Citrus aurantifolia), Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and Pummelo (Citrus grandis), Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), Mandarin (Citrus reticulata). In India, citrus is the third largest fruit industry after Banana and Mango. In India, Citrus fruits are successfully grown in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Assam, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and other states. These are the most common fruits in India and have become popular because of their availability almost throughout the year at moderate prices. Among the citrus group, Kagzi lime is one of the most important horticultural crops in India. Kagzi lime (Pati lime, Spur lime, Acid lime, Mexican lime) in Hindi is known as 'Neebu or Nimbu', whereas in Gujarati, it is known as ‘limbu’, which belongs to family Rutaceae. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is the most important fruit crop in India as the demand for its consumption is very high due to the nutritional value and its availability at cheap prices. Lime is popular for its beautiful appearance and pleasing flavour and for its excellent food qualities. Lime does not edible in same manner as the other Citrus species. Dietary, Medicinal and Industrial Uses...

17 Dec Higher returns through controlled irrigation in organic Kinnow production (Success Story)

Posted at 10:28h in Organic farming

Dr. A.K. Srivasatava 21 views

आर्गनि‍क कि‍न्‍नू (Kinnow) के उत्पादन में नियंत्रित सिंचाई करके उच्च रिटर्न प्राप्‍त करें (सफलता की कहानी) Mr. Harvindra Singh Brar is resident of village 10 Q, District Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India which is located between 2804’ to 3006’ North latitude and 72030’ to 75030’ East longitude. He has deep soil and orchard is present in canal command area. The orchard prevail extreme climatic conditions with the scorching summer, cold winter and mild rainy season. Dust storms during summer, frosty winter nights and ground fog are some of the typical features of weather hazards. The average rainfall in the zone ranged from 185 to 590 mm. On an average 75 per cent of the total rainfall received from June to September. The temperature in the zone fluctuates from as low as 10C to as high as 480C. June is the hottest month and January is the coldest month of the year. The average monthly pan evaporation fluctuates from 49.4 mm in December to 337.6 mm in May with annual value of 1865.7 mm. Problem: Mr Brar belongs to farming community and has Kinnow orchard on flood irrigation in an area of two hectares. During summer season, due to extreme temperature, water scarcity and canal closers for 30 to 50 days in the month of April...

24 Nov नींबू वर्गीय फसलों की प्रमुख रोग व्याधियां एवं उनका प्रबन्धन

Posted at 10:39h in Crop disease

रविन्द्र कुमार 49 views

Major Disease and Their Management in Citrus Crop आजकल नींबू वर्गीय फलों पर, इनके शरीर को ऊर्जादायक एवं औषधीय प्रभाव वाले गुणों के कारण, विशेष ध्यान है। यें फल विटामिन सी, शर्करा, अमीनो अम्ल एवं अन्य पोषक तत्वों के सर्वोत्तम श्रोत होते हैं। इन फल वृक्षों में नींबू वर्गीय फलों जैसे सन्तरे, नींबू व मौसमी आदि का महत्वपूर्ण स्थान है। नींबू वर्गीय फसलों में अनेक प्रकार के कारक जीवों जैसे कवक, जीवाणु, विषाणु, विषाणु समकक्ष जीव एवं सूत्रकृमि द्वारा विभिन्न रोग व्याधियों का प्रकोप होता है। भारत में नींबू वर्गीय फसलों की प्रमुख रोग व्याधियां एवं उनकी रोकथाम इस प्रकार है– 1. नींबू का आर्द्र गलन रोगः यह रोग नर्सरी में पौधों को हानि पहुंचाता है। आर्द्रगलन नये पौधों या बीजांकुरो का सामान्य रोग है। यह उन सभी स्थानों पर पाया जाता है जहां पर नमी की अधिकता तथा खेतों मे जल निकास का उचित प्रबन्ध नही होता है। आर्द्रगलन रोग नींबू वर्गीय फसलों की सभी प्रजातियों के नये अंकुरित होने वाले पौधो को रोग ग्रसित कर सकता है। यह रोग पीथियम, फाइटोफ्थोरा एवं राइजोक्टोनिया नामक कवको की प्रजातियों द्वारा होता है। इस रोग में पौधें भूमि सतह के पास गलकर गिरने लगते है और मर जाते है। रोग की रोकथामः इस रोग के नियन्त्रण हेतु उचित कवकनाशियों से भूमि का उपचार करना चाहिये। मृदा के निर्जर्मीकरण...

07 Nov Nutritional disorders in citrus and its management

Posted at 10:22h in Crop disease

Avinash Parashar 19 views

खट्टे फलो की खेती में पोषक तत्‍वों संबंधी विकार एवं उनका प्रबंधन The productivity as well as the quality of citrus fruits is affected to a greater extent due to the physiological and nutritional disorders. In citrus fruits, the deficiency of micronutrients causes many more disorders than that of macronutrients. Nutritional disorders have become widespread with diminishing use of organic manures, adoption of high density planting, use of root stocks for dwarfing, disease and salt tolerance, unbalanced NPK fertilizer application. To get high quality fruit and yields, micronutrient deficiencies have to be detected before visual symptoms are expressed. 1. Boron deficiency in Citrus Symptoms: Citrus trees deficient in boron produce distorted leaves. Mature leaves show corking or splitting of veins and midrib. Leaves are twisted. Fruits tend to be hard and mis-shaped. Cracking of fruits is also seen. Brown gum pockets are seen in the albedo and around the seeds which may be aborted. Corking of veins is seen as in the greening disease and in the yellow corky vein disease. Boron deficiency symptoms on leaf and fruit Correction Deficiency of this nutrient can be overcome by spraying 0.1 per cent solution of either borax or boric acid. 2. Copper deficiency Copper deficiency is seen in situations where zinc, iron and manganese deficiency are seen and when copper based fungicides are not...

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