Agriculture Knowledge for Everyone

कीटनाशक Tag

कीटनाशकाेे का वि‍वेकपूर्ण उपयोग सतत कृषि के लिए समय की आवश्यकता Although, pesticides offer one of the best means of controlling insect-pests and diseases of plant, pesticides are poisonous and their indiscriminate and unlimited use may result in ecological imbalance resulting in pest resurgence, aggravation of minor pests, pesticides resistance, environmental pollution, poising serious health hazards to man and animals.  Only a small amount of the pesticides (less than 1%) applied to a crop reaches to the target pests and the remaining more than 99% contaminates soil, air, water, food, feed etc.  However, if used judiciously such problems do not  occur. Most of the problems related to pesticides use have occurred due to misuse and abuse of pesticides for which man is responsible and not the pesticides. Therefore, the following precautions should be followed in handling and using the pesticides:-   General precautions in using pesticides The pesticides must be used within expiry date. Keep pesticides in labeled containers only Do not spray or dust dangerous pesticides in lakes, ponds, and rivers. Do not use pesticides on farm animals without consulting your veterinary doctor. Do not use leaky and faulty equipment. Do not apply pesticides on a lawn or pasture when people or animals are around. Do not allow pesticides drifts to an area where it might injure people or animals. Apply various...

कीटनाश्‍को का पर्यावरण प्रदूषक रूप और उनसे पर्यावरण का बचाव Insecticide contamination is caused by diffuse sources and point sources. Diffuse sources are mainly related to drift losses and run-off during application and drainage discharge from treated fields. Point sources are mainly related to the handling of pesticides during transport, storage, filling, cleaning, and management of liquid residues and disposal of empty packages. When a pesticide is applied directly to a target pest (plant or animal) the whole site is affected including crop plants, soil organisms and potentially humans and wildlife in the immediate area. In the case of agricultural use, once they are applied, insecticides and their metabolites can enter the plant, soil, air and water. This may carry by the Pesticide  volatilization (diffusion  of  pesticides  through  the  soil  and  atmosphere)  and pesticide emission from the plant canopy or soil surface to the atmosphere usually depends on vapour pressure and the chemical vaporization and the air flow mass transports the chemicals. Pesticides carried by surface runoff from agricultural areas constitute a significant portion of the pesticide pollutants entering surface water bodies. Leaching of pesticides through soil is an environmental concern because of the possibility of their reaching deeper soil and/or the water table and contaminating groundwater.  Impacts on aquatic environment: Insecticides can reach surface water through...