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ताड Tag

08 Jan

Posted at 06:56h in Crop Cultivation
Asha Kushwah1, Sanjay2, Rahul Singh Sikarwar3, Ravi4, Abhishek5, Poonam6, Sarika Mahore7 21 views

ऑयलपाम की खेती Oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq.), is a native of West Africa and popularly known as African oil palm or red oil palm. It is known to be the highest edible oil yielding perennial crop. It produces two distinct oils, i.e., palm oil and palm kernel oil. Palm oil is derived from fleshy mesocarp of the fruit, which contains about 45-55% of oil. The palm kernel oil, obtained from the kernel of stony seed, is a potential source of lauric oil. Oil palm is the crop of the present and future vegetable oil economy of world as well as India. Palm oil has good consumer acceptance as cooking medium because of its price advantage. It is a good raw material for manufacturing oleo chemicals used in making soaps, candles, plasticizers etc. It has also a variety of uses, ranging from edible oil, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals to bio-fuel and bio-lubricant. Climatic requirements: Oil palm is a humid crop. Requires evenly distributed rainfall of 150mm/ month or 2500- 4000mm/annum. Rainfall distribution in India is not even and adequate. Hence grow oil palm under assured irrigation conditions by adopting recommended practices. Crop comes up well between 29-33oC max. and 22-24oC min. temperatures and with bright sunlight for at least 5 hrs. per day. Humidity of more than 80% is...

25 Jan

Posted at 07:13h in Crop Varietes
L.SARAVANAN* AND T. PHANIKUMAR 24 views

ऑयल पाम नर्सरी को संक्रमि‍त करने वाली बालवाली इल्‍ली, डासचिरा मेंडोसा हबनर Oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq is the richest source for vegetable oil production with a capacity of 4-6 tons of oil per ha per year. The productivity of the palm is affected by at least 80 species of arthropods that are potential pests on oil palms. There are many insect pests viz., bagworm, leaf webworm, hairy caterpillars, grasshoppers, flea beetles, ash weevils, termites, rodents, wild boar etc. which damage the oil palm nursery and affect their normal growth and development. Superior planting material is one of the basic factors affecting the success of an oil palm plantation. Good nursery management would be required to ensure the production of good and healthy seedlings from a nursery in order to achieve early bearing and high yields in the field. Damage to oil palm nursery leaves Pest management practices in oil palm nursery is essential in order to get better palms. Hence, for better pest management practices, a good knowledge of biology, nature of damage, seasonal occurrence, association of natural enemies etc. are of prime importance. In this article, it is discussed about tussock caterpillar, Dasychira mendosa a potential insect pest defoliating nursery and cause stunting symptom. Distribution and host range Tussock caterpillar, Dasychira mendosa Hubner (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is...

30 Oct

Posted at 09:10h in Miscellaneous
Bhagya, H.P. and Anitha, P. 19 views

उगाऐ गऐ तेल ताड़ के फलों में विविधता Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is perennial vegetable oil yielding crop. Which gives 4-6 t/ha of oil yield per hectare. Area covered under oil palm in India is around 3, 25000 hectares and Andhra Pradesh is leading in area with 1, 56000 hectares. India is the world's largest importer of palm oil, importing of 8-9 million tonnes of the edible oil per annum from the overseas market. Palm oil accounts for over 60 % of the country's total edible oil imports. India imports palm oil mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia, the world's largest producers. To reduce the import of oil from other country we need to increase area under oil palm with production of more oil yield to self sufficient of our country. Variation in the fruits was observed in the oil palm. There are different fruit types and forms were observed in this oil palm. Due to this variation in fruits oil yield also varies. Different classification of fruit types and forms based on different components given in table. Fruit types were classified based on external colour of fruits in bunch. These were mainly classified into two types: Nigrescence and Virescence. Based on mesocarp colour it was classified as Albescence. Based on fruit morphology, it was classified...

07 May

Posted at 04:58h in Miscellaneous
Kalyana Babu*, P. Anitha 14 views

तेल ताड (आयल पॉम) मे फलों के रूप तथा उनका तेल अंश मे योगदान। In oil palm, three types of fruit forms are present, viz., dura, pisifera and tenera. These three palms morphologically look similar but differ in their fruit form. Fruit of Oil Palm is a sessile drupe. It consists of a pericarp, (exocarp or skin), mesocarp, and endocarp (shell) usually surrounding one, but sometimes upto four kernels. The kernel consists of a testa (skin) and a solid endosperm and embryo. The presence or absence of the shell is genetically controlled. Dura has dominant Sh+ Sh+ allele, pisifera has recessive sh-sh- allele, where as tenera has Sh+sh- alleles. Tenera is a hybrid produced by cross between dura and pisifera, hence having each allele from both the parents. On selfing or inter-crossing, the hybrid fruit forms segregate into 25% dura: 50% tenera: 25% pisifera. The flow chart showing the crossing and hybridization in oil palm given below. Selfing or crossing of tenera produces dura, pisifera and tenera fruit forms.   Oil palm fruit forms and tenera hybrid formation   In dura the percentage of mesocarp to fruit ranges from 35-50 and the shell is 2-8 mm thick and the kernel is usually large. Pisifera is characterised by the absence of shell and hence there is a high ratio of...

19 Apr

Posted at 06:38h in Crop Cultivation
Dr. K. Manorama 24 views

गर्म मौसम की स्थिति के दौरान तेल ताड का प्रबंधन कैसे करें?  Oil palm is a humid tropical crop which requires a very high annual rainfall of more than 2000 mm well distributed @150 mm per month. In India, very few locations receive rainfall throughout the year and it is not sure that the amount will exceed 150 mm per month or not. That is why oil palm is grown and promoted as irrigated crop in India except in few pockets of high rainfall areas. This crop requires around 150 to 200 litres of water per day per palm during juvenile phase and around 200 to 250 litres per day per palm for adult plantations. What happens if water requirement is not met? If the palm does not get enough water, the number of spear leaves increases as it hinders the opening of spear leaves and finally leaf production gets affected. Further continuance of drought conditions results in necrosis of older leaves, young leaves and ultimately roots. In juvenile palms, photosynthetic activity gets affected, leaves become yellow and leaf tips bronze coloured. In some cases, rolling of lower leaflets also can be seen. In matured palms, rolling of leaflets of mature leaves, reduction in photosynthesis and finally wilting and drying of leaves. These  symptoms finally end...

02 Jan

Posted at 09:53h in Seed production
G.Ravichandran 32 views

तेल ताड (एलियस गिनेन्सिस जैक) के हाइब्रिड बीज उत्पादन की तकनीक Oil palm  (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a perennial crop and cultivation has been expanded rapidly in recent years. It is the highest edible oil yielding crop giving up to 5-6 tonnes of oil per ha per year.  This crop offers viable solution for meeting the ever increasing shortage of vegetable oils in the country. In order to harness the full potential of oil palm, Government of India is keen in increasing the area under oil palm to a tune of 2 million ha by 2025. To achieve this proposed target, nearly twenty lakh germinated seeds need to be produced per year. Public and private seed gardens have been encouraged and are engaged in this process. Mesocarp is the main flesh where from the consumable oil is extracted. More mesocarp leads to more oil. Hybrid seed production normally consists of crossing two elite inbred strains having better characters which ultimately boost the yield. In oil palm, as such no variety or inbred are available; instead two different fruit forms are crossed to get a hybrid. Fruits are categorised based on the fruit shell thickness and mesocarp content. The mother palm fruit form is called as “Dura” having thick shell (about 2-8 mm) with low to medium...