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KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

तेल ताड Tag

31 Jul

Posted at 07:51h in Crop disease
Saravanan* and T. Phanikumar Senior Scientist (Agrl. Entomology) 7 views

तेल ताड़ के बगीचों में लीफ वेबवर्म, एक्रिया मायरिकी (लेपिडोप्टेरा: डिप्रेसारिडे) के लिए जैव नियंत्रण एजेंट Oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq.(Family: Arecaceae) is the richest source of vegetable oil with high yield levels of more than 5 tonnes of oil per ha per annum compared to other oil seeds crops that give less than 1 ton.  The productivity of the crop is often challenged by water stress, drought, biotic stresses like pests and diseases and constraints related with nutrient management. Since irrigation is given at regular intervals, the micro climate with high humidity is created, which makes congenial conditions for pests and diseases development. It is reported that the oil palms in India are being attacked by a number of insect pests.  In recent years, leaf webworm, Acria meyricki Shashank and Ramamurthy (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae) (Figure 1) is emerging as serious defoliator in many of the oil palm gardens of West Godavari, Krishna and East Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. However, the infestation is not uniform in those districts which ranged from low to severe form (Figure 2).A yield loss of up to 34 % is reported due to infestation of leaf web worm. The perennial nature of palms and monocropping system as practiced in many locations provide ample opportunities for the build-up of this...

24 Apr

Posted at 05:52h in Crop disease
Dr. L. Saravanan, 12 views

तेल ताड़ का पत्ता वेबवॉर्म, एक उभरता हुआ गंभीर कीट और तेल ताड़ के बागानों में इसका प्रबंधन Oil palm (ElaeisguineensisJacquin: Arecaceae) is known to be the highest edible oil yielding perennial crop, capable of yielding 4-5 MT of palm oil and 0.4-0.5 MT palm kernel oil with good planting material, irrigation and proper management. However, the productivity is not achieved due to infestation by a wide range of fauna which include insects, birds, mites and mammals, apart from diseases, nutrient deficiencies, water stress etc. As the oil palms grow and attain tallness, the leaves of adjacent palms are overlapped, thereby preventing sunlight penetration in the plantations, a more favourable environment is created for the pests to proliferate and cause severe outbreaks in oil palm. There are at least 80 species of arthropods are associated with oil palm and many are potential pests and some are serious and inflicting heavy damage on oil palms in India. Recently, a new species, Acriameyricki (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae) (Shashank and Ramamurthy) is described and reported from Andhra Pradesh, India infesting on oil palm for the first time. The pest is often referred as oil palm leaf webworm, because, the caterpillars spin a protective white silk web sheltering them while eroding the leaflets. It was first noticed during the winter months...

25 Jan

Posted at 07:13h in Crop Varietes
L.SARAVANAN* AND T. PHANIKUMAR 24 views

ऑयल पाम नर्सरी को संक्रमि‍त करने वाली बालवाली इल्‍ली, डासचिरा मेंडोसा हबनर Oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq is the richest source for vegetable oil production with a capacity of 4-6 tons of oil per ha per year. The productivity of the palm is affected by at least 80 species of arthropods that are potential pests on oil palms. There are many insect pests viz., bagworm, leaf webworm, hairy caterpillars, grasshoppers, flea beetles, ash weevils, termites, rodents, wild boar etc. which damage the oil palm nursery and affect their normal growth and development. Superior planting material is one of the basic factors affecting the success of an oil palm plantation. Good nursery management would be required to ensure the production of good and healthy seedlings from a nursery in order to achieve early bearing and high yields in the field. Damage to oil palm nursery leaves Pest management practices in oil palm nursery is essential in order to get better palms. Hence, for better pest management practices, a good knowledge of biology, nature of damage, seasonal occurrence, association of natural enemies etc. are of prime importance. In this article, it is discussed about tussock caterpillar, Dasychira mendosa a potential insect pest defoliating nursery and cause stunting symptom. Distribution and host range Tussock caterpillar, Dasychira mendosa Hubner (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is...

30 Oct

Posted at 09:10h in Miscellaneous
Bhagya, H.P. and Anitha, P. 19 views

उगाऐ गऐ तेल ताड़ के फलों में विविधता Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is perennial vegetable oil yielding crop. Which gives 4-6 t/ha of oil yield per hectare. Area covered under oil palm in India is around 3, 25000 hectares and Andhra Pradesh is leading in area with 1, 56000 hectares. India is the world's largest importer of palm oil, importing of 8-9 million tonnes of the edible oil per annum from the overseas market. Palm oil accounts for over 60 % of the country's total edible oil imports. India imports palm oil mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia, the world's largest producers. To reduce the import of oil from other country we need to increase area under oil palm with production of more oil yield to self sufficient of our country. Variation in the fruits was observed in the oil palm. There are different fruit types and forms were observed in this oil palm. Due to this variation in fruits oil yield also varies. Different classification of fruit types and forms based on different components given in table. Fruit types were classified based on external colour of fruits in bunch. These were mainly classified into two types: Nigrescence and Virescence. Based on mesocarp colour it was classified as Albescence. Based on fruit morphology, it was classified...

07 May

Posted at 04:58h in Miscellaneous
Kalyana Babu*, P. Anitha 14 views

तेल ताड (आयल पॉम) मे फलों के रूप तथा उनका तेल अंश मे योगदान। In oil palm, three types of fruit forms are present, viz., dura, pisifera and tenera. These three palms morphologically look similar but differ in their fruit form. Fruit of Oil Palm is a sessile drupe. It consists of a pericarp, (exocarp or skin), mesocarp, and endocarp (shell) usually surrounding one, but sometimes upto four kernels. The kernel consists of a testa (skin) and a solid endosperm and embryo. The presence or absence of the shell is genetically controlled. Dura has dominant Sh+ Sh+ allele, pisifera has recessive sh-sh- allele, where as tenera has Sh+sh- alleles. Tenera is a hybrid produced by cross between dura and pisifera, hence having each allele from both the parents. On selfing or inter-crossing, the hybrid fruit forms segregate into 25% dura: 50% tenera: 25% pisifera. The flow chart showing the crossing and hybridization in oil palm given below. Selfing or crossing of tenera produces dura, pisifera and tenera fruit forms.   Oil palm fruit forms and tenera hybrid formation   In dura the percentage of mesocarp to fruit ranges from 35-50 and the shell is 2-8 mm thick and the kernel is usually large. Pisifera is characterised by the absence of shell and hence there is a high ratio of...

12 Jul

Posted at 04:58h in Crop Cultivation
Ramachandrudu, V. Suneetha and G. Sekhar 19 views

पि‍पली: तेल खजूर के बडे बागानों के लि‍ए आर्दश अंत:फसल   Java long pepper (Piper chaba Hunter syn. Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is one among Panchakola group of spices. Its fruits and roots are used in preparation of ayurvedic medicines for treating indigestion, abdominal colic, poisoning, haemorrhoids, anorexia etc. It is native of South and South East Asia and commonly seen in Assam, Tripura and West Bengal in India. Because of medicinal and aromatic properties, its commercial production is picking up as an inter crop in coconut, areca nut and oil palm gardens in South India. It is perennial with climbing growth habit and performing satisfactorily even under dense shade (75%) of oil palm. Cultivation of long pepper in grown up oil palm gardens is slowly picking up and its area is about 3000 acres in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. पि‍पली के फल Botany Java long pepper Java long pepper belongs to family Piperaceae. It is short knarled perennial in nature, glabbrous, fleshy climber with adhesive roots. Leaves are stalked, alternate, lanceolate on the vine and chordate on runners. Inflorescence is pedunculate flower spike that comes from main stem node opposite to leaf. It flowers and bears fruits round the year. The fruit is drupe which is light green in colour when it is matured, red when ripened...

19 Apr

Posted at 06:38h in Crop Cultivation
Dr. K. Manorama 24 views

गर्म मौसम की स्थिति के दौरान तेल ताड का प्रबंधन कैसे करें?  Oil palm is a humid tropical crop which requires a very high annual rainfall of more than 2000 mm well distributed @150 mm per month. In India, very few locations receive rainfall throughout the year and it is not sure that the amount will exceed 150 mm per month or not. That is why oil palm is grown and promoted as irrigated crop in India except in few pockets of high rainfall areas. This crop requires around 150 to 200 litres of water per day per palm during juvenile phase and around 200 to 250 litres per day per palm for adult plantations. What happens if water requirement is not met? If the palm does not get enough water, the number of spear leaves increases as it hinders the opening of spear leaves and finally leaf production gets affected. Further continuance of drought conditions results in necrosis of older leaves, young leaves and ultimately roots. In juvenile palms, photosynthetic activity gets affected, leaves become yellow and leaf tips bronze coloured. In some cases, rolling of lower leaflets also can be seen. In matured palms, rolling of leaflets of mature leaves, reduction in photosynthesis and finally wilting and drying of leaves. These  symptoms finally end...

02 Jan

Posted at 09:53h in Seed production
G.Ravichandran 32 views

तेल ताड (एलियस गिनेन्सिस जैक) के हाइब्रिड बीज उत्पादन की तकनीक Oil palm  (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a perennial crop and cultivation has been expanded rapidly in recent years. It is the highest edible oil yielding crop giving up to 5-6 tonnes of oil per ha per year.  This crop offers viable solution for meeting the ever increasing shortage of vegetable oils in the country. In order to harness the full potential of oil palm, Government of India is keen in increasing the area under oil palm to a tune of 2 million ha by 2025. To achieve this proposed target, nearly twenty lakh germinated seeds need to be produced per year. Public and private seed gardens have been encouraged and are engaged in this process. Mesocarp is the main flesh where from the consumable oil is extracted. More mesocarp leads to more oil. Hybrid seed production normally consists of crossing two elite inbred strains having better characters which ultimately boost the yield. In oil palm, as such no variety or inbred are available; instead two different fruit forms are crossed to get a hybrid. Fruits are categorised based on the fruit shell thickness and mesocarp content. The mother palm fruit form is called as “Dura” having thick shell (about 2-8 mm) with low to medium...