12 Oct Biofertilizers – Types & their application
बायोफर्टीलाइजर के प्रकार और उनकेे प्रयोग की विधि 'Biofertilizer' is a substance which contains living microorganism which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.Biofertilizers are not fertilizers. Fertilizers directly increase soil fertility by adding nutrients. Biofertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing Phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth promoting substances. Biofertilizers can be grouped in different ways based on their nature and function. S. No. Groups Examples Nitrogen (N2) fixing Biofertilizers 1 Free-living Azotobacter, Clostridium, Anabaena, Nostoc, 2 Symbiotic Rhizobium, Frankia, Anabaena azollae 3 Associative Symbiotic Azospirillum P Solubilizing Biofertilizers 1 Bacteria Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum Bacillus circulans, Pseudomonas striata 2 Fungi Penicillium sp, Aspergillus awamori P Mobilizing Biofertilizers 1 Arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus sp.,Gigaspora sp.,Acaulospora sp., Scutellospora sp. & Sclerocystis sp. 2 Ectomycorrhiza Laccaria sp., Pisolithus sp., Boletus sp., Amanita sp. 3 Orchid mycorrhiza Rhizoctonia solani Biofertilizers for Micro nutrients 1 Silicate and Zinc solubilizers Bacillus sp. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria 1 Pseudomonas Pseudomonas fluorescens {loadposition hometop} Different types of biofertilizers: 1. Rhizobium - This belongs to bacterial group and the classical example is symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The bacteria infect the legume root and form root nodules within which they reduce molecular nitrogen to ammonia which is reality utilized by...