24 Jan Doubled haploidy techniques for wheat improvement: an introduction
गेहूँ सुधार के लिए डबल्ड हैप्लोइडी तकनीक: एक परिचय Doubled haploidy technique is used to generate pure inbred lines for basic research and production of commercial cultivars. These lines are pure and genetically homozygous individuals are produced when spontaneous or induced chromosome duplication of haploid cells occurs. Double haploids are one of the biggest achievements in plant breeding because of production of completely homozygous plant within a year (Hooghvorst and Nogues., 2021). The production of doubled haploid lines can accelerate the breeding of new wheat varieties by several years through one step creation of 100% homozygous plants. This technology plays an important role in studying the genetic control of traits in wheat, marker assisted selection, genomics and genetic engineering (Eliby et al., 2022). Double haploid breeding is useful tool in wheat improvement by providing instant homozygosity, which leads to instant fixation of desirable characters of recombinants as well as reduction in number of generations required to achieve success. Barclay (1975), initiated chromosome elimination technique in wheat, who recovered the wheat haploids in crosses between the wheat variety Chinese spring and Hordeum bulbosum. The technique was genotype-specific due to the presence of dominant crossability inhibitor genes Kr1 and Kr2 genes thereby affecting the practical value of the technique. Therefore, wheat x maize system of doubled haploid...