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KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

genetic diversity Tag

17 Mar

Posted at 05:23h in Crop Cultivation
15 views

 फ्रूट क्रॉप्स में प्लांट जेनेटिक रिसोर्स का उपयोग Plant genetic resources in horticultural crops and their wild relatives are of immense value to mankind as they provide food, fodder, fuel, shelter and industrial products. India is the second largest fruit-producing country in the world. A number of problems including diseases, insects, pests and various disorders are associated with fruit growing in India these problems can solve by utilising of Plant genetic resources. Inferior quality of planting material and poor orchard management are some of the reasons for the low productivity. Plant genetic resources are of great importance as they form the basic raw material to meet current and future needs of crops improvement programmes. The specific role that plant genetic resources have to play in addressing the challenges in securing food to humanity in a sustainable way is discussed. The diversity of plant species and of varieties of a range of crop types (cereals, pulses, fruits, vegetables) and the intraspecific genetic diversity that make up PGR are fundamental to our food system. Furthermore, the links between their production and consumption are important to sustainable food systems in order to have the richest possible food diversity on plates, sustainably sourced from the biological diversity that underpins agricultural systems. Plant genetic resources are the biological basis...

30 Nov

Posted at 05:01h in Crop Cultivation
Gopalareddy K*, BS Tyagi and Kailash Prajapat1 22 views

गेहूँ में पूर्व-प्रजनन: संभावनाएं एवं चुनौतियां Pre‐breeding refers to all the activities designed to identify desirable characteristics and/or genes from un-adapted materials that cannot be used directly in breeding populations and to transfer these traits to an intermediate set of materials that breeders can use further in developing new varieties. Crop wild relatives have a high level of genetic diversity with rare alleles that enabled them to survive in natural and adverse environments. Most plant breeders fear in using exotic or un-adapted material due to its initial detrimental effects like linkage drag on elite breeding material. It is a necessary first step in the use of diversity arising from wild relatives and other un-adapted materials. Pre-breeding attempts to reset the genetic diversity of crops by reintroducing genetic variation that has been left behind. The Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of major wheat breeding programs across the globe is very low, particularly in recent years. It is feared that unless new diversity is infused into the breeding programs, we may face catastrophic reductions in productivity if the climate turns adverse. Wild species and exotic cultivated germplasm holds a wealth of alleles. If we can able to find them (alleles of interest) then it can be helpful to break yield barriers and enhance tolerance to stresses...