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hybrid seed Tag

11 Jan

Posted at 08:54h in Seed production
SK Singh 22 views

गेंहू के व्‍यवसायि‍क संकर बीज उत्पादन के लिए गेहूं में मेल स्टेरिलिटी सिस्टम Exploitation of hybrid vigour at commercial level through development of hybrid wheat is considered as one of the promising approach for increasing wheat productivity. Work on hybrid wheat started world over in 1962 and utilization of heterosis through hybrid breeding has given very high dividends in many field crops including horticulture. The discovery of an effective cytoplasmic male sterility and pollen fertility restoration systems in wheat opened up new avenues for commercial hybrid seed production. Kihara (1951) pointed out the possibility of using male sterility by transferring the nucleus of common wheat into the cytoplasm of Aegilops caudata. Among the cytoplasms which in an interaction with Triticum nucleus bring about sterility, T. timopheevii seems to be the most suitable one for commercial production of hybrid seed. Wheat is monoecious and therefore, a line designated as female must not be allowed to produce pollen capable of fertilization while acting as a parent. As wheat flowers are hermaphrodite, the labour requirement for mechanical emasculation is very high. Methods for procuring male sterility in plants may be genetically controlled including cytoplasmic male sterili­ty, nuclear male sterility and self-incompatibility or through chemical hybridization agents or hand emasculation. Three methods for obtaining male sterility have been proposed...

14 Mar

Posted at 08:48h in Seed production
13 views

Hybrid seed production technique of Pumpkin पुष्‍प जैविकी:   सीताफल में नर व मादा पुष्‍प एक ही पौधे पर अलग-अलग जगह पर लगते हैं। फूल बडे आकार के तथा चमकीले पीले रंग के होते हैं। मादा पुष्‍प आकार में नर पुष्‍पों से बडे होते हैं। मादा फूल छोटी डंडी एवं नीचले भाग में फल आकृति‍ लि‍ए होते हैं। नर पुष्‍पों की डंडी लम्‍बी होती है। पौधों में प्राय नर फूल पहले आते हैं तथा बाद में मादा एवं नर पुष्‍प मि‍श्रि‍त रूप से आते हैं। फूल प्रात: काल में 5 से 7 बजे के बीच खिलते हैं और 12 बजे दोपहर तक खिले रहकर दोपहर बाद बंद हो जाते हैं। पुष्‍प खिलने के समय नर पुष्‍प में अत्‍यिधि‍क जीवि‍त परागण मि‍लते हैं तथा मादा फूल में वर्तिकाग्र भी नि‍षेचन के लि‍ए अधिकतम ग्राही होता है। परागण का कार्य प्रात: काल 7 बजे से पहले ही पूरा कर लेना चाहि‍ए क्‍योकि‍ समय बीतने पर परागण चि‍पचि‍पा और गीला हो जाता है। मकरन्‍द ग्रन्‍थि‍यां मादा पुष्‍पों में नर पुष्‍पों की अपेक्षा अधि‍क होती हैं। परागण कार्य कीटों जैसे मधुमक्खियों द्वारा कि‍या जाता है।खेत का चुनावः    संकर बीज उत्‍पादन के लिए खेत समतल, उपजाऊ एवं खरपतवार रहि‍त होना चाहि‍ए तथा उसमें समुचित जल न‍िकासी की व्‍यवस्‍था होनी चाहिए। खेत की मिटटी का पीएच मान 6.5-7.5 के बीच उपयुक्‍त...

14 Mar

Posted at 07:11h in Seed production
Vishwanath 21 views

उत्तर भारतीय मौसमी हालात में कद्दू के संकर बीज उत्पादन The pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Poir.), is an important member of cucurbitace family and is grown extensively during kharif (monsoon) and summer season across India, for tender and immature fruits. Its fruits are consumed in cooked form and also used for preparation of sweets. The fruit juice, flowers, young stem and leaves have many medicinal values. India is the second largest producer of pumpkin in the world after China (5.768 million tones). Pumpkin, squash and gourd are grown in India over an area of 0.36 million ha, which is highest in the world with the production of 3.50 million tones (FAO; 2005). The average productivity of pumpkin, squashes and gourds is about 9.72t/ha in India, which is lower than the average world productivity of 12.7t/ha. The average productivity of pumpkin, squashes and gourd in Israel and Netherlands is over 45.0t/ha, with the highest average productivity of 55.0t/ha in Netherlands (FAO; 2005). The higher productivity in these countries is due to the coverage of maximum area under hybrids where as OP varieties occupied major area in India and pumpkin are being cultivated by resource poor farmers through self-saved seed. The demand of hybrid seed among farmers is increasing because of earliness, uniformity and higher yield which...

25 Feb

Posted at 06:36h in Seed production
Dr. B.S.Tomar 22 views

लता या बेल वाली सब्‍जीयों (कुकरबि‍ट) के बीज उत्‍पादन की तकनीक  1. Varietal Seed Production of cucrbits Requirement of seed production The basic requirement of seed production is availability of improved varieties/hybrids and their demand among the farmers. Preferably the variety should be released and notified for certified seed production, however, any kind/variety can be multiplied for Truthfully Labeled Seed (TFL). The status of available varieties are given in table 2 and table 3. Isolation requirements The cucurbits are cross pollinated in nature and honeybees are major pollinator, thus for pure seed production an isolation distance all around seed field is necessaryto separate it from fields of other varieties, fields of the same variety not confirming to varietal purity requirement. The isolation distance of 400 m for C.S. and 800 m for F.S. and at least 1000 m isolation is required for breeder seed production.It is important to mention that muskmelon, longmelon and snapemelon (phoot) can cross with each other. Similarly, species of genus Cucurbita have the risk of crossability among them. The cucumber can cross easily with its wild relative Cucumis hardwickee found in wild form in sub-mountanious regions of Himalayas. Choice of season and areas of seed production : Seed crop should be raised in such a seasons which remain dry at the time of...