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mycorrhiza Tag

12 Jan

Posted at 07:00h in Soil & Fertilizers
Dr.A.G.Rajalakshmi 12 views

मिट्टी कें पोषक तत्व निर्धारण में माइकोराइजा कवक का योगदान Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)  are obligate symbionts with higher plants. Mycorrhiza is the association between fungi and the roots of higher plants and microorganisms and higher plants. On a global scale, between 86% and 94% of plants are mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizal associations are mutualistic, neutral, or parasitic depending on the circumstances although mutualism is the dominant type.Associations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant roots are usually non-specific in terms of the fungus-plant pairings that are compatible.  A positive effect of mycorrhizalinoculation on growth of plants in metal contaminated soils. Arbuscularmycorrhizas have the ability to alleviate many anthropogenic stresses, including effects of metals and polychlorinated aliphatic and phenolic pollutants. Remediation of soils contaminated with toxic pollutants using specific combinations of plants with mycorrhizal fungi deserves increased emphasis. Groups of mycorrhizas The two main types of mycorrhiza are ecto and endo mycorrhizas, differ in their structure and physiological relationships with host plant. Mycorrhiza fungi frequently stimulate plants to reduce root biomass and simultaneously expanding nutrient uptake capacity by extending far beyond root surfaces and proliferating in soil pores that are too small for root hairs to enter. Two mycorrhizal groups of fungal mycelium are: a) Endo mycorrhizas. The fungi live inside the cortical cells of the roots and also grow...

06 Nov

Posted at 05:05h in Miscellaneous
Manjunatha, N 10 views

प्रमुख चारा फसलों मे में जीवों के फायदेमंद संघ The main constraints for productivity of fodder crops are lack of availability of soil nutrients, quality seeds and various pests and diseases. These constraints not only influence on the productivity, but also quality of fodder. Resource poor farmers often cultivate forage on low productive soils to make use of the idle land and do not apply the required quantity of nutrients. Such farmers have several options to boost crop yields by applying low cost inputs such as soil amendments, organic manure and bio-fertilisers. Unfortunately, most of them do not bother to apply biofertilisers and soil amendments due to their ignorance and difficulty in procuring them. Even some farmers using pesticides in cultivated fodder crops to control pests and diseases. Extensive use of chemicals is non-economical and may cause the problems of environmental pollution and health hazards in livestock. In this regard, creating awareness on natural resources and their beneficial association in fodder production is very important aspect for the quality production of fodder. Therefore this article we emphasizing the direct or indirect role of beneficial association of pollinators, soil arthropods and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in major forage crops 1. Role of Pollinators in forage crops In fodder insects play important role in the pollination of many plants...

12 Aug

Posted at 10:12h in Soil & Fertilizers
Dr.A.G.Rajalakshmi 14 views

मिट्टी में बायोकर और मायकोर्हाइज़े की परस्पर क्रिया Agricultural intensification transfer carbon (C) to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby reducing ecosystem C pools. Agriculture contributes 10–12% of the total global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Diminishing increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere by pyrolysis to convert biomass into biochar, which stabilizes the carbon (C) that is then applied to soil. Biochar withhigh concentrations of carbon that can be rather recalcitrant to decomposition, it stably sequestercarbon. The immediate beneficial effects of biochar additions for nutrient availability are largely due to higher potassium, phosphorus, and zinc availability, and to a lesser extent, calcium and copper. The presence of biochar in the soil can improve soil chemical (e.g. pH, CEC), and physical properties (e.g. soil water retention, hydraulic conductivity). Acting as a habitat and substrate for soil microorganisms, biochar added in the soil can increase microbial activities (Pietikäinen et al., 2000). Connection between primary biochar properties (outer circle), the soil process they may influence (intermediate circle) and the soil biota (inner circle), white arrows indicate the influence between biochar properties.  Agricultural and horticultural crops have benefit from VAM on a world-wide basis. The potential application of VAM to the agriculturaland horticultural industries is great. Fungi involved in this symbiotichost root: broad spectrum of VA mycorrhizal fungi(VAMF)...

02 Jul

Posted at 09:34h in Soil & Fertilizers
17 views

Role of Bio fertilizers in improving soil fertility रासायनिक उर्वरकों के प्रयोग से उपज में वृद्धि तो होती है परन्‍तू अधिक प्रयोग से मृदा की उर्वरता तथा संरचना पर भी प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पडता है इसलिए रासायनिक उर्वरकों (Chemical fertilizers) के साथ साथ जैव उर्वरकों (Bio-fertilizers) के प्रयोग की सम्‍भावनाएं बढ रही हैं। जैव उर्वरकों के प्रयोग से फसल को पोषक तत्‍वों की आपूर्ति होने के साथ मृदा उर्वरता भी स्थिर बनी रहती है। जैव उर्वकों का प्रयोग रासायनिक उर्वरकों के साथ करने से रासायनिक उर्वकों की क्षमता बढती है जिससे उपज में वृद्धि होती है।  जैव उर्वक क्‍या हैं:  जैव उर्वरक जीवणू खाद है। खाद मे मौजूद लाभकारी शुक्ष्‍म जीवाणू (bactria) वायूमण्‍डल मे पहले से विद्धमान नाईट्रोजन को पकडकर फसल को उपलब्‍ध कराते हैं और मिट्टी में मौजूद अघुलनशील फास्‍फोरस (insolulable phosphorus) को पानी में घुलनशील बनाकर पौधों को देते हैं। इस प्रकार रासायनिक खाद की आवश्‍यकता सीमित हो जाती है।वैज्ञानिक प्रयोगों द्वारा यह सिद्ध किया जा चुका है कि जैविक खाद के प्रयोग से 30 से 40 किलो ग्राम नाइट्रोजन प्रति हैक्‍टेयर भूमि को प्राप्‍त हो जाती है तथा उपज 10 से 20 प्रतिशत तक बढ जाती है। अत: रासायनिक उर्वकों को थोडा कम प्रयोग करके बदले में जैविक खाद का प्रयोग करके फसलो की भरपूर उपज पाई जा सकती है। जैव उर्वक...