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oil palm Tag

02 Jan

Posted at 09:53h in Seed production
G.Ravichandran 32 views

तेल ताड (एलियस गिनेन्सिस जैक) के हाइब्रिड बीज उत्पादन की तकनीक Oil palm  (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a perennial crop and cultivation has been expanded rapidly in recent years. It is the highest edible oil yielding crop giving up to 5-6 tonnes of oil per ha per year.  This crop offers viable solution for meeting the ever increasing shortage of vegetable oils in the country. In order to harness the full potential of oil palm, Government of India is keen in increasing the area under oil palm to a tune of 2 million ha by 2025. To achieve this proposed target, nearly twenty lakh germinated seeds need to be produced per year. Public and private seed gardens have been encouraged and are engaged in this process. Mesocarp is the main flesh where from the consumable oil is extracted. More mesocarp leads to more oil. Hybrid seed production normally consists of crossing two elite inbred strains having better characters which ultimately boost the yield. In oil palm, as such no variety or inbred are available; instead two different fruit forms are crossed to get a hybrid. Fruits are categorised based on the fruit shell thickness and mesocarp content. The mother palm fruit form is called as “Dura” having thick shell (about 2-8 mm) with low to medium...

18 Sep

Posted at 10:03h in Crop Cultivation
M. V. Prasad 21 views

आयल पॉम (तेल ताड) की खेती मे मानसून की देरी या कमी केे प्रभाव को कम करने के उपाय Oil palm is being cultivated in India in an area of 2.58 lakh hectares. It is cultivated in 1.50 lakh hectares in Andhra Pradesh under irrigated conditions. Due to Elnino effect during this year delayed monsoon conditions are prevailing. Though oil palm is being cultivated under irrigated conditions, due to prevailing weather conditions and power shortage, crop is not being provided with sufficient irrigation. Under severe water stress conditions, two are more spear leaves will be emerged; leaves in the outer whorl will be wilted, dried and drooped subsequently. Severe stress may lead to production of more male flowers resulting in reduced Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) production. Sometimes bunches may abort or become dried and reduction of existing bunch weight can also be observed.  Emergence of spear leaves               Wilting and drying of leaves Though farmers are practicing good management practices, the prevailing unfavorable weather conditions may show impact on production and productivity in future. This crop being sensitive to water stress, needs greater attention for irrigation management. It is required to adopt techniques to overcome unfavorable conditions viz., heat waves, low RH, non retention of moisture in light soils...

19 May

Posted at 10:08h in Soil & Fertilizers
S. K. Behera 27 views

ताजे खजूर फल गुच्‍छों के अधि‍क उत्पादन हेतु, तेल खजूर (आयल पॉम) में सर्वोत्तम उर्वरक प्रबंधन वि‍धि‍यॉं। Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the highest edible oil yielding perennial crop producing two types of oil i.e. crude palm oil and palm kernel oil which are used for domestic and industrial purposes. It produces about 4 to 6 tonnes of crude palm oil and 0.4 to 0.6 tonnes of palm kernel oil per hectare per year during its productive life span from 4th to 30th years. Oil Palm is a heavy feeder and it requires a balanced and adequate supply of macro and micro-nutrients for growth and yield. Fertilizer requirement of Palm Recommended nutrient for oil palm grown under rainfed condition is given in Table 1. It is advised to apply 400-200-400-125 g of N-P2O5-K20-MgSO4 per palm per year during the first year of plantation, 800-400-800-250 g of N-P2O5-K20-MgSO4 per palm per year during second year of plantation and 1200-600-1200-550 g of N-P2O5-K2O-MgSO4 per palm per year during third year onwards.  Fertilizer requirements as per the availability of different fertilizers available in the market are given in Table 2. Research on oil palm nutrition conducted at different agro-climatic locations namely Gangavathi (Karnataka), Mulde (Maharashtra), Vijayarai (Andhra Pradesh) and Aduthurai (Tamil Nadu) revealed that the dose...

08 May

Posted at 09:49h in Soil & Fertilizers
K.Manorama 20 views

तेल पाम वृक्षारोपण में मिट्टी के नमूने एकत्र करने के लिए सटीक विधि Oil palm is a heavy feeder of nutrients as it produces a very high biomass. Input management plays a major role in plantation crops as the crop remains in the field for a longer period of time. In oil palm plantations fertilizer management proved to play a major role in defining yield potential in terms of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB). Soil analysis is an effective method to determine plant nutritional status for suitable fertilizer application.  This includes the collection of representative sample from the soil, estimation of nutrient status and other parameters, calibration and interpretation of analytical results and giving fertilizer recommendations.  Proper recommendation can reach the farmer only when precision is maintained at all the stages of analysis. The first among them is soil sampling upon which the entire programme will be dependant. Hence, employing the correct procedure for sampling the soil makes it essential for correct estimations and thereby obtaining corresponding fertilizer recommendations. Generally, soil samples are collected for assessing the properties like soil reaction (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC) content and  available nutrients like  nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) , manganese (Mn)...

16 Dec

Posted at 06:20h in Miscellaneous
L.Saravanan 35 views

तेल पाम में परागण करने वाला एक घुन या कीट- भुजा एलाइडोबियस कामरुनिकस (फ़ॉस्ट) Oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq. is a monoecious plant which means it bears male and female inflorescences, separated from one another on the same vegetative axis. This particular situation demands cross pollination, as both the inflorescences of the same plant are seldom simultaneously receptive. Pollination in oil palm is primarily by various means viz., wind and insects. Several species of insects are reported as natural pollinating agents, of which Elaeidobius kamerunicus is the predominant species. Introduction of this weevil increased fruit set from 36.9 to 56.0% resulting in 40% increase in bunch weight. Knowing about various aspects of pollinating weevil, will assist oil palm growers to plan the plant protection strategies and conserve the pollinating weevils for better performance in pollination. Bunch failure and Insect pollination in oil palm Bunch failure refers to bunch that fails to develop from anthesis to harvest. This could be due to physiological reasons, bunch rot, poor pollination (lack of pollinators) etc.   Figure 1. Oil palm with adequately pollinated fruit bunches  Figure 2. Bunch showing very poor fruit set Anthesis of male flowers (refers to stage of pollen production) starts with the opening of florets at the base of the male inflorescence. The opening progresses gradually...

11 Dec

Posted at 04:29h in Seed production
P. Naveen Kumar 28 views

बीज गार्डन के माध्यम से ऑयल पाम की गुणवत्ता वाली रोपण सामग्री Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) cultivation has been expanded rapidly in recent years and is now second only to soybean as a major source of the world supply of oils and fats. It is the highest edible oil yielding crop yielding up to 5-6 tonnes of mesocarp oil (Crude Palm Oil, CPO) and 0.4 to 0.6 MT of palm kernel oil (PKO) per ha per year which is much higher (5-8 times) than that of any major oil producing crop. This crop offers viable solution for the ever increasing shortage of vegetable oils in the country and in saving valuable foreign exchange (approx 70,000 crores during 2012-13) being incurred annually for import of edible oils. Palmolein, the liquid fraction of RBD (Refined, Bleached and deodourized) palm oil is commonly used for cooking at home, in fast food restaurants, and also in snack foods and instant noodles manufacture. Palm oil and its fractions are also used in production of margarine, bakery and frying shortenings, vanaspati, confectionery fats, ice creams and as a replacement for butter fat in some dairy products. Palm oil is particularly suitable for deep frying because it is relatively stable at high temperature, compared with the more unsaturated oils. Palm...

29 Jun

Posted at 10:18h in Cropping systems
K. Ramachandrudu 10 views

वि‍कसि‍त तेल ताड़ के बगीचों में अंतर फसली के लिए गुंज़ाइश Oil palm, the highest vegetable oil yielding crop, is grown in an area of 2.08 lakh ha in India. Basic resources like soil, solar radiation and aerial environment are not being fully utilized in pure crop of oil palm. In view of unstable price structure, higher cost of cultivation, coconut based cropping systems and economic status, farmers are looking for some alternate cropping in oil palm gardens. Often, inter cropping is chosen as an insurance against the risk of main crop failure/ low price or at least to ensure the stability of crop yields in variable environments. Inter cropping enhances productivity and employment potential considerably. Cultivation of banana, cocoa, black pepper, coffee, pine apple etc as inter crops in mature phase is practiced to some extent in oil palm gardens of India. The major constraint in oil palm gardens as compared to coconut gardens is presence of more density of shade. Even then, there is a scope for utilizing both horizontal as well as vertical space in oil palm gardens by growing suitable inter crops. Criteria for selection of suitable inter crops for oil Palm gardens  Crops should have complementary effects rather than competitive effects on the base crop. The component crops should have different...