Agriculture Knowledge for Everyone
Submit Article Contact Us
KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

pollution Tag

07 Jan

Posted at 05:08h in Miscellaneous
संगीता लेन्का1, नरेन्द्र कुमार लेन्का2, जे के साह3 18 views

रासायनिक उर्वरको के उपयोग से उत्पन्न ग्रीनहाउस गैसों के उत्सर्जन का अल्पीकरण भारत में बढ़ती आबादी के लिए उर्वरक का बढ़ता उपयोग दोगुना कृषि उत्पादन के लिए अपरिहार्य हो गया है। हालांकिए कृषि में उर्वरक की बढ़ती खपत भी पर्यावरण प्रदूषण के लिए चिंता का कारण है। पर्यावरण पर उर्वरक उपयोग के विभिन्न प्रभाव ग्रीनहाउस गैसों के उत्सर्जन, भूजल में नाइट्रेट प्रदूषणए कृषि भूमि में भारी धातु का निर्माण और यूट्रोफिकेशन हैं। विभिन्न पर्यावरणीय प्रभावों के बीच, उर्वरक उपयोग से ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सर्जन वैश्विक और भारतीय जलवायु परिवर्तन को प्रभावित करने वाले महत्वपूर्ण ड्राइवरों में से एक है। वायुमण्डलीय ग्रीनहाउस गैसों की बढ़ती हुई सघनता के कारण जलवायु परिवर्तन होना निष्चित है। मानवजनित ग्रीनहाउस गैसों के कुल उत्सर्जन का लगभग 24 प्रतिषत हिस्सा कृषि क्षेत्र का है तथा बढ़ती हुई वैष्विक जनसंख्या के भोजन की आपूर्ति हेतु भविष्य में कृषि उत्पादन की मात्रा अधिक रहेगी। कार्बन डाइ ऑक्साइड (CO2), मीथेन (CH4), तथा नाइट्रस ऑक्साइड (N2O) का मिश्रित रूप ग्रीन हाउस गैसें कहलाती है, जो पृथ्वी के बढ़ते हुए तापमान के लिए उत्तरदायी है। वैष्विक स्तर पर खेती में प्रयुक्त मिट्टी से लगभग 60 प्रतिषत N2O तथा लगभग 50 प्रतिषत CH4 का उत्सर्जन होता है। राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर भारत में इस उर्वरक से युक्त खेती की मिट्टी से लगभग 23 प्रतिषत कुल उत्सर्जन होता...

23 Aug

Posted at 06:02h in Protected farming
Sonalika Sahoo, Mohan Lal Dotania, Ranjan Paul, Akram Ahmed and Arti Kumari 18 views

प्लास्टिकल्चर: पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र में माइक्रो प्लास्टिक का एक स्रोत Plasticulture is the use of plastics in agricultural practices; it includes all kinds of plant or soil coverings ranging from mulch films, row coverings, poly-tunnels to greenhouses, lining of farm ponds and micro-irrigation (drips and sprinklers). Plastic mulch allows farmers to grow cash and grains crops in water scarcity areas. The sheets, usually composed of polyethylene, help conserve water, suppress weeds, boost soil temperature, and effectively increasing crop yields by 20 to 60 percent. Plasticulture helps in reducing use of water (~30-40%), agro-chemicals and fertilizers. It can well be incorporated in the mainframe system within the field of sustainable agriculture practices domestically.Its effective implementation is likely to result in robust food grain production and consequent rise in agriculture gross domestic product (GDP) in excess of 4 per cent. Fig 1. Plastic mulch for growing vegetables Use of Plastic in Agriculture Plasticfilm is used for lining farm pond in drought prone areas with highly erratic rainfall. The water seepage and evaporation are major challenges in these areas due to which drop in depth per day of pond water is high. To escape this depletion of stored water, pond sealing is done by installing it with conventional plastic lining. The HDPE (high density polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and polyethylene are mainly...

25 Aug

Posted at 06:50h in Miscellaneous
Jyothi, P 15 views

कीटनाश्‍को का पर्यावरण प्रदूषक रूप और उनसे पर्यावरण का बचाव Insecticide contamination is caused by diffuse sources and point sources. Diffuse sources are mainly related to drift losses and run-off during application and drainage discharge from treated fields. Point sources are mainly related to the handling of pesticides during transport, storage, filling, cleaning, and management of liquid residues and disposal of empty packages. When a pesticide is applied directly to a target pest (plant or animal) the whole site is affected including crop plants, soil organisms and potentially humans and wildlife in the immediate area. In the case of agricultural use, once they are applied, insecticides and their metabolites can enter the plant, soil, air and water. This may carry by the Pesticide  volatilization (diffusion  of  pesticides  through  the  soil  and  atmosphere)  and pesticide emission from the plant canopy or soil surface to the atmosphere usually depends on vapour pressure and the chemical vaporization and the air flow mass transports the chemicals. Pesticides carried by surface runoff from agricultural areas constitute a significant portion of the pesticide pollutants entering surface water bodies. Leaching of pesticides through soil is an environmental concern because of the possibility of their reaching deeper soil and/or the water table and contaminating groundwater.  Impacts on aquatic environment: Insecticides can reach surface water through...

15 Nov

Posted at 05:51h in Miscellaneous
9 views

पीने के पानी में फ्लोराइड: - एक छिपी हुई ज़हर  An adequate water resource for future generations is not only a regional issue but also a global concern. Like other parts of world, India is also facing a water crisis and by 2025 it is estimated that India’s population will be suffering from severe water scarcity. Although India occupies only 3.29 million Km2 geographical area, which forms 2.4% of the world’s land area, it supports over 15% of world’s population with only 4% of the world’s water resources. Groundwater contributes only 0.6% of the total water resources on earth; it is the major and preferred source of drinking water in rural as well as urban areas. It caters to 80% of the total drinking water requirement and 50% of the agricultural requirement in rural India. But in the era of economical growth, due to various ecological factors either natural or anthropogenic, the groundwater is getting polluted because of deep percolation from intensively cultivated fields, disposal of hazardous wastes, liquid and solid wastes from industries, sewage disposal, surface impoundments etc. Presence of various hazardous contaminants like fluoride, arsenic, nitrate, sulfate, pesticides, other heavy metals etc. in underground water has been reported from different parts of India. In many cases, the water sources have been...