25 Jun Effect of processing on nutritional value of various end products of wheat
गेहूं के विभिन्न अंत उत्पादों के पोषण संबंधी मूल्य पर प्रसंस्करण का प्रभाव To meet the energy need of the ever growing world’s population, wheat is the second most widely gowned cereal after rice in the world. The importance of wheat is mainly due to the fact that its grain can be processed into various end products like flour, semolina, and other bakery products. The quality of these products is directly proportional to preserving the nutrient density of wheat while processing. Table 1, shows the nutritional composition of different end products which is comparable with the whole wheat grains. Processing of wheat grain involves different regulated steps right from the harvesting the grains to the production of flour to be used to form various end products. Therefore, enough care should be taken at each step while processing. In this article we have highlighted the nutritional loss of various end products while processing. Table 1: Nutritional profile of some wheat products (amount /100g grain) S.No Nutrient Whole grain Wheat bread Semolina Kellogg Spaghetti Cooked Wheat, durum Chapatti Carbohydrate 1. Total carbohydrate (g) 72.5 47.5 72.8 77 26.5 71.1 49 2. Dietary fiber (g) 12.1 3.6 3.9 15 4.5 - 4.04 Protein 1. Protein (g) 13.6 10.9 12.7 15 5.3 13.7 8 Fats 1. Total fat (g) 1.8 3.6 1.1 1.6 0.5 2.5 8 2. Saturated fatty acid (g) 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 - 3. Monounsaturated fatty acid (g) 0.25 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 - 4. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (g) 0.75 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.2 1 - 5. Omega-3-fatty acid (mg) 38 135 37 - 10 48 - 6. Omega-6-fatty acid (mg) 738 1300 393 - 203 930 - Vitamins 1. Vitamin A (IU) 9.1 - - - 3 - 2. Vitamin E (mg) 0.8 0.2 - - 0.3 - 3. Thiamine (B1) (mg) 0.41 0.4 0.3 - 0.1 0.4 - 4. Riboflavin (B2) (mg) 0.25 0.3 0.1 - - 0.1 - 5. Niacin (B3) (mg) 6.3 5.2 3.3 - 0.7 6.7 - 6. Pantothenic acid (B5) (mg) 1.0 0.8 0.6 - 0.4 0.9 - 7. Pyridoxine (B6) (mg) 0.3 - - - - 0.4 - 8. Folate (B7) (µg) 44 85 72 - 5 43 - Minerals 1. Calcium (mg) 34 142 17 40 15 34 - 2. Iron (mg) 3.9 3.5 1.2 - 1.1 3.5 - 3. Magnesium (mg) 138 48 47 - 30 144 - 4. Phosphorus (mg) 345.8 155 136 421 89 508 - 5. Potassium (mg) 405 184 186 475 44 431 - 6. Sodium (mg) 5 521 1 3 3 2 - 7. Zinc (mg) 2.9 1.2 1.1 - 0.8 4.2 - 8. Copper (mg) 0.4 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 0.6 - 9. Manganese...