residue burning Tag

23 Feb Crop Residue Management: Strategies and Challenges

फसल अवशेष प्रबंधन: रणनीतियाँ और चुनौतियाँ Food grain production after first green revolution has increased from 50.82 to 285.21 million metric ton to feed growing population. India during 2020-21 has expected to produce about 122.27 million tons (Mt) of rice, 109.52 Mt of wheat, 51.15 Mt of coarse cereals, 25.72 Mt of pulses and 36.10 Mt of oil seeds (The Economic Times, 2021). With the increase in grain production straw production has also increased proportionally. Current production of crop residues in India is 501.73 million tones. Highest quantities of crop residue are generated in Uttar Pradesh greater than 60 Mt, followed by Punjab and Maharashtra. Among different crops, cereals generate maximum residues (352 Mt), followed by fibers (66 Mt), oilseeds (29 Mt), pulses (13 Mt) and sugarcane (12 Mt). Cereal crops (rice, wheat, maize, millets) contribute 70%, while rice crop alone contributes 34% to the crop residues. Sugarcane residues consisting of top and leaves generate 12 Mt, i.e., 2% of the crop residues in India. Cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin are dominant components in the crop residues besides pectin, protein extractives, sugars, and nitrogenous material, chlorophyll and inorganic waste also present in smaller quantities (Chandra et al., 2012). Carbon to nitrogen ratio of crop residue influences the decomposition rate and immobilization of native nitrogen. Average C: N of...