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Saline soil Tag

Saline soil: Alternative natural resources for fodder production लवणीय मृदा समस्‍याग्रस्‍त मृदाएं में से एक है जिसको उचित प्रयास एवं प्रबंधन के साथ वनस्‍पति आवरण के तहत लाया जा सकता है । प्राकृतिक कारणों की वजह एवं उचित प्रबंधन न मिलने से विकृत हो जाती है । इन मृदाओं में कुछ गुणों के अधिकता एवं कमी के होने के कारण इसे खेती के लिए उपयुक्‍त नहीं माना जाता है । हमारे देश का भौगोलिक क्षेत्रफल 329 मिलियन हेक्‍टेयर है जिसमें 173.65 मिलियन हेक्‍टेयर मृदा समस्‍याग्रस्‍त है । इसमें से 25 मिलियन हेक्‍टेयर खाद्य फसल की खेती के लिए उपयुक्‍त नहीं है जिसमें 5;5 मिलियन हेक्‍टेयर लवणीय मृदा भी शामिल है । अतिरिक्‍त चारा संसाधन का विकास केवल इन मृदाओं के उपयोग के माध्‍यम से ही संभव है जिसका मुख्‍य वजह है अन्‍य भूमि से कम स्‍पर्धा होना । लवणीय मृदा ऐसी मृदाएं जिनमें घुलनशील लवणों की अधिकता के कारण बीज का अंकुरण एवं पौधे का विकास प्रभावित होता है, लवणीय मृदाएं कहलाती है । इन मृदाओं की सतह पर कैल्शियम, मैग्‍नीशियम व पोटेशियम के क्‍लोराइड एवं सल्‍फेट आयन अपेक्षाकृत अधिक मात्रा में पाये जाते हैं । विधुत चालकता 4 डेसी साइमन प्रति मीटर से अधिक, विनियम योग सोडियम 15 प्रतिशत से कम तथा पी एच मान 8.5 से कम होता है । इन मृदाओं में घुलनशील...

रासायनि‍क रूप से वि‍कृत भारतीय मृदाओं का प्रबन्‍धन।  Chemical deterioration of soils is a type of soil degradation that involves loss of nutrients or organic matter, salinity, acidification, soil pollution and fertility decline. The removal of nutrients reduces the capacity of soils to support plant growth and crop production and causes acidification. In arid and semi-arid areas problems can arise due to accumulation of salts, which impedes the entry of water in plant roots. Chemical deterioration of soils is often also due to agricultural over exploitation, relying solely on replenishing nutrient losses through harvesting by artificial chemical fertilizers. Indiscriminate irrigation for getting higher yield has led to water logging; nutrient losses and increased salinity of lands threatened the sustainability of crop yields. The increasing salinization of thousands of hectares of cultivated lands with raised water table in many canal command areas is a serious threat and needs attention failing which a significant area may be rendered unproductive and unfit for cultivation. 1. Acid Soils: In India nearly 145 million hectares of lands are cultivated and a rough estimate indicates 48 million ha of soil is acidic in nature of which 25 m ha shows pH below 5.5 while about 23 m ha has pH between 5.6 and 6.5 (Bhat, et. al. 2007). Acid soils are characterized by low soil pH which varies from strongly acidic (4.5-5.5) to extremely acidic...

समस्याग्रस्त मिट्टी का प्रबंधन कैसे करें For the management of problematic soils,  some general principles has to be considered for proper implementation of the reclamation measures. The total soluble salt concentrations in the root zone have to be decreased to control osmotic effects on plant growth. Maintenance of total soil moisture tension must be ensured at optimum level so that plant roots can absorb an adequate amount of water. Water flows through the soil in the direction of maximum decrease of hydraulic head and the flow velocity is proportional to the hydraulic gradient. The design and layout of drainage system are controlled by this principle. The availability of good quality water is of paramount for leaching and drainage of soluble salts. The Salt concentration in soil solution upward movement of salts and their accumulation increase with an increase in the evaporation and transpiration from the surface of the soil and the vegetation, especially when the ground water table is shallow. Increase or decrease of salts in the root zone depends upon whether the salt inputs are higher or lower than the salt outputs. The cations in the soil solution and those adsorbed on exchange complex are in equilibrium with each other. The dispersion and effectiveness of amendments are controlled by this principle. Management of Saline and Non saline alkali...