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silkworm Tag

02 Sep

Posted at 08:23h in Miscellaneous
20 views

रेशमकीट का परिचय और कृषि क्षेत्र में उनकी भूमिका The silk moth (Bombyx mori) is a butterfly that caterpillars have used for silk production (sericulture) for thousands of years. Although native to China, silk moths have been introduced around the world, are completely domesticated, and are no longer found in the wild. Adult silk moths have wingspans of 40 to 50 mm (about 2 inches), are thick and have bristles (adult females are larger than adult males). It is usually blonde to light brown, with a light dark band running on its body. The wings are cream-colored and have dark veins extending to the edges. Adults do not eat during the short adulthood of a few days because the mouth area is diminished or absent. Neither can fly. However, males perform a flutter dance, a mating ritual caused by the secretion of female pheromones known as bombykol. Females lay about 300 to 500 eggs and hatch in about 7 to 14 days at temperatures of 24 to 29 ° C (about 75 to 85 ° F). Newly hatched larvae are approximately 2-3 mm (0.08-0.12 inches) long and have a greedy appetite. In addition to the natural diet of mulberry leaves, silk moths also eat osage orange and lettuce leaves. Pale larvae have distinctive posterior (caudal) horns. It reaches a maximum length of 75 mm (about 3 inches) during the 45-day growth period. Pupation occurs in cocoons consisting of continuous strands of white or yellow silk, averaging about 915 meters (1,000 yards) in length.  This filament is kept intact for commercial use by killing the pupae with hot air or steam. Silk moths whose genome has been genetically modified by introducing the spider silk gene produce silk that is stronger, stronger, and more elastic than domesticated silk moths. The silk production is called sericulture contain cultivation of mulberry, silkworm rearing and activities leading to...

28 Jan

Posted at 07:06h in Crop disease
25 views

रेशमकीट के 5 प्रमुख रोग व परभक्षी तथा उनका नि‍यंंत्रण। Silkworm is reared for the production of cocoons, which is the raw material for silk production. It provides gainful employment and helps in the improvement of the socio-economics life of the peoples in the rural areas. During rearing, the silkworm are affected by various types of pathogenic agents viz. protozoa, virus, fungi and bacteria. It has been reported that about 30-400 % of total crop loss is due to the occurrence of four major diseases namely Pebrine (protozoan disease), Flecherie (bacterial disease), Grasserie (viral disease) and Muscardine (fungal disease). Other than diseases Uzi fly is considered as serious endo-larval parasitoid of the silkworm and yield of cocoons is reduced tremendously due to the infestation of Uzi fly.  Diseases of Silkworm and their Management 1. Pebrine: Pebrine is the most important disease of silkworm that is caused by by the protozoa called Nosema bombycis. Pebrine is commonly observed during rainy and winter season and transmitted to offspring by transovarial. Symptoms: Initial stage of infection: The infected silkworm larvae appear to be healthy. Only microscopic examination of the silkworm larvae may indicate the presence of shinning spore of Nosema. Advanced stage of infection: The silkworm larvae loose appetite, unequal in size, retard in growth, moult irregularly. The dead larvae turn black in colour...

25 Apr

Posted at 05:02h in Crop disease
Ranjana Das 28 views

मुगा रेशम उत्पादकता में सुधार के लिए मुगा रेशम कीट के मेजबान पौधे (सोम) मे रोग व कीट प्रबंधन Sericulture is a viable cottage industry catering to the economically small and marginal families and hence this enterprise is well. accepted as an instrument for rural development. India has the unique distinction of being the only country in the world producing all the four varieties of natural silk viz. mulberry, tasar, eri and muga on a commercial scale. Among them, Antheraea assamensis, (Helfer) bears special significance for production of golden yellow muga silk which is endemic to North East India.  The muga silkworm is a multivoltine and polyphagous insect. Som (Persaea bombycina Kost) and Soalu (Litsea monopetela (Roxb.) Pers are the primary food plants of muga silkworm (Choudhury, 1970). Som leaves improves silk producing ability where as, soalu leaves enhances egg laying capacity of muga silkworm (Thangavelu, et. al. 1986). Som plants grow up to an altitude of about 600 metres while Sualu up to 1000 metres above  sea level. The nutrition of silkworm entirely depends upon the quality of leaves. The food plants (Leaves) have significant effect on health and survival of silkworms. Better the quality of leaves greater the possibility of obtaining good quality cocoons. Diseases make the leaf unpalatable for the silkworms and cause...

14 Feb

Posted at 09:54h in Crop Cultivation
P.K.Handique 25 views

मूगा रेशम के कीट के बारहमासी मेजबान वृक्ष, सोम (पर्सिया बॉम्ब्सीना) की खेती की तकनीक। Muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis Helfer, is a sericigenous insect secreting a golden yellow coloured lustrous silk. This unusual colour and strong nature of the thread produced from the cocoon of this silkworm are the two important features for which this silkworm is termed unique. Muga silkworm is multivoltine in nature, with six broods per year, including two crops each of pre-seed, seed and commercial. ‘Chotua’ (reared during March-April) and ‘Bhodia’ (reared during August-September) are seed crops, ‘Jethua’ (May-June) and ‘Kotia’ (October-November) are commercial crop while ‘Jarua’ (December-January) and ‘Aherua’ (June-July) are pre seed crops. Jethua and Kotia are the only crops used for commercial production while the rest of the crops are meant only for obtaining seeds for supplying and continuing rearing in favorable seasons. Antherea assama is confined to only Brahmaputra Valley of India in the world. The Primary Host plant of Muga silkworm is Som (Persea bombycina) and Soalu (Litsea polyantha). Accounting to the State Sericulture Department, the State has produced 114.56 MT Muga Raw Silk, during the year 2011-12 as against 113.28 MT Muga Raw Silk, produced in the State during the year 2010-11. (http://databank.nedfi.com/content/sericulture-assam)      Som Cultivation Propagation:- Som (Persea bombycina) is commonly propagated from...

08 Aug

Posted at 08:56h in Miscellaneous
एस.एल.यादव 7 views

Mulberry silkworm rearing : mean of livelihood मलबरी रेशमकीट को विभिन्न जलवायु स्थितियों में पाला जा सकता है और मलबरी पेड विस्तृत क्षेत्र वाली मिट्टी में उगाया जा सकता है। बेहतर पद्धतियों को अपनाकर मलबरी रेशमकीट कोकुन की अच्छी उपज प्राप्त की जा सकती है। लेकिन इसके लिए अधिक ऊपज देने वाली मलबरी की उत्तम किस्म की पत्ती का होना आवश्यक शर्त है। रेशमकीट का पालन लार्वा अवधि के दौरान पाँच विभिन्न चरणों से होते हुए होती है। लार्वा अवधि में उसे विशेष रूप से निर्मित रेशमकीट पालन शेड में रखा जाता है। साथ ही, उच्च कोटि का रेशम प्राप्त करने के लिए उचित समय पर प्रबंध और गहन देखभाल की जाती है। मलबरी कृषि और रेशमकीट पालन की सर्वोत्तम पद्धतियाँ पूरे पालन अवधि के दौरान रेशमकीट को काफी सावधानी पूर्वक देखभाल की जाती है और उसके भोजन के लिए उत्तम किस्म के मलबरी पत्ते का इस्तेमाल किया जाता है। बेहतर वातावरण का निर्माण और कृमि व बीमारियों से रक्षा इनके पालन की अन्य आवश्यक शर्त्ते हैं। रेशमकीट के लिए अनुकूल स्थितियाँ प्रदान करने के लिए एक अलग से पालनघर और पालन उपकरण व साधनों की आवश्यकता होती है। एक साल में 5 से 10 फसलों का पालन किया जा सकता है और प्रत्येक फसल की जीवन अवधि लगभग 70-80 दिनों की होती है। 1....

10 May

Posted at 10:56h in Crop Cultivation
D K Gogoi 28 views

रेशमकीट इरी के मेजबान सार्वकालिक पौधे केसेरू की खेती   Ericulture contributes significantly Indian commercial silk production which is mostly confined to north-eastern part of the country i.e. Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram. A small quantity of eri cultivation has been extended to Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. In addition, Ericulture is practiced in China, Brazil, Russia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bolivia, Ethiopia, French, Egypt, Italy etc. Eri silkworm feeds primarily on castor leaves, but sufficient castor leaves are not available throughout the years for commercial rearing. Therefore, Kesseru (Heteropanax fragrans Seem) is used as an alternative food plant during the scarcity of castor leaves. Depending upon food preference and rearing performance of both wild and cultivated silk worms, Kesseru ranks next to castor. Kesseru (Heteropanax fragrans) belongs to the family Araliaceae and it is soft wooded perennial tree grown in plain as well as hilly tracts of northeastern India. Since, it is a perennial plant, the cost of cultivation and leaf yield potentiality is better than Castor. The productive life of Kesseru is more than 25 years and annual leaf yield per hectare is found almost 20-25 MT from a properly maintained farm. Moreover, Kesseru plant is less susceptible to disease and pests...

27 Apr

Posted at 10:34h in Crop Cultivation
D K Gogoi 28 views

सिल्‍क कीट के मेजबान पौधे अरण्डी की खेती  Northeastern region of India is rich in diversity of sericigenous insects and their host plants, out of which, four types namely Muga (Antheraea assamensis), Eri (Samia ricini), Oak tasar (Antheraea proylei) and Mulberry (Bombyx mori) silkworm have been commercially exploited for silk production.  The Eri silkworm is multivoltine and polyphagous sericin producing insects. Eri culture is a traditional agro-based small scale industry, primarily practiced to meet the partial need of warm clothing. Moreover, eri pupae are popular as delicacy among the tribal people of this region. Proximate analysis of pupa showed that it contains 55-60% protein, 25-30% lipid, 4.96% fiber, and other substances, e.g. hormones, trace elements and vitamins, thus indicating that it could be a good protein source-for various purposes (Sharma, 2010). Eri silkworm significantly contributes to the Indian commercial silk production which is mostly confined to the Brahmaputra valley of Assam in the tribal inhabited districts. Approximately, 1.3 lakh families with plantation area of 26000 hectares are involved in ericuluture in northeastern region of this country. Annual production of eri raw silk has significantly increased from 974 MT in 1999-2000 to 2460.50 MT in 2009-10. It is also practiced in few districts of the neighbouring states mainly Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh....

07 Mar

Posted at 05:47h in Crop Cultivation
16 views

रतनजोत या जटरोपा की खेती  Jatropha curcus,also known as Ratanjyot or Jangli erandi, is a drought-resistant perennial plant which grows almost anywhere- in marginal/ poor soil even on gravelly, sandy and saline soils. It can thrive on the poorest stony soil. It can grow even in the crevices of rocks. It is a small tree or shrub with smooth gray bark, which exudes a whitish colored, watery, latex when cut. Normally, it grows between three and five meters in height, but can attain a height of up to eight or ten meters under favourable conditions. It has large green to pale-green leaves, alternate to sub-opposite, three-to five-lobed with a spiral phyllotaxis. The petiole length ranges between 6-23 mm. The inflorescence is formed in the leaf axil. Flowers are formed terminally, individually, with female flowers usually slightly larger and occurs in the hot seasons. Fruits are produced in winter when the shrub is leafless, or it may produce several crops during the year if soil moisture is good and temperatures are sufficiently high. Each inflorescence yields a bunch of approximately 10 or more ovoid fruits. A three, bi-valved cocci is formed after the seeds mature and the fleshy exocarp dries. The seeds become mature when the capsule changes from green to yellow, after two to...