29 Jul Strategies for enhancing Phosphorus use efficiency
कृषि फसलों में फास्फोरस उपयोग दक्षता बढ़ाने के लिए रणनीतियां Phosphorus (P), an essential macronutrient for all living organisms, is a vital component for building blocks of genes and chromosomes. In plants, it plays a role in virtually all biochemical processes that involve energy transfer. It is a constituent of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is often termed as ‘energy currency’ of the plant cell. In plant, P is essential for photosynthesis, respiration and root growth, flowering, fruiting, seed setting and seed yield. The total P content in agricultural crops ranges from 0.1 to 0.5%. Phosphorus is taken up by the plant as primary orthophosphate ion ( H2PO4- ) but it is also absorbed as secondary orthophosphate ( HPO42- ). Phosphorus fixation is a major problem in acid and calcareous soil. There are some techniques which helps to reduce fixation and enhances phosphorus use efficiency in soil. Availability of Phosphorus for use by plant Availability of P is influenced by pH as follows Both form of P is maximum available at the pH of 6-7. At pH 7.2 H2PO4-ion is equal to HPO42- . <7.2 pH H2PO4-ion is dominant. >7.2 pH HPO42- ion is dominant. When pH is <5 P is present as H3PO4. When pH is >9 PO43- is dominant. Forms of Soil Phosphorus The total phosphorus content in Indian soils ranges from...