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KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

Organic farming

30 Apr

Posted at 09:08h in Organic farming
Latief Ahmad 3,570 views

वर्मीकंपोस्टिंग अनवरत या सतत खेती के लिए एक पारिस्थितिकी-अनुकूल दृष्टिकोण Vermicomposting is a modified and specialised method of composting - the process uses earthworms to eat and digest farm wastes and turn out high quality compost in two months or less. Vermicompost is not a biofertiliser as is touted by some, merely improved compost.  Vermicompost can also be used to make compost tea. Vermicompost tea is useful as a prophylactic against pests and diseases, for pest repelling and as a foliar spray. A by-product of vermicomposting called vermiwash (which can be collected if there is a tap at the base of the vermicompost tank) also serves the same purpose.An important point to note in case of vermicomposting but widely ignored, is to carry out proper sieving of the compost before applying it in the fields. The most efficient and widely-used earthworms in vermicomposting are not indigenous and if the worms and casts find their way to the fields, they will quickly colonise and dominate the local species. Farmers can also use indigenous earthworm species, collecting them from their fields using collection baits and introducing the earthworms into heaps. In the usual way vermicomposting is practiced in India and most other places around the world, it is both labour-intensive and requires some infrastructure....

30 Apr

Posted at 07:54h in Organic farming
Bindumathi Mohan 6,573 views

फूलगोभी की जैविक खेती के लिए उत्पादन तकनीक  Cauliflower is one of the most popular Cole crop grown in the area. The pre-floral fleshy apical meristem modifies itself into a curd. This is the eatable part and is white in colour and is enclosed by inner leaves. Curd colour varies from white, cream-white, yellow, green or red. Research studies for the organic cultivation of cauliflower by CRT have resulted in standardization of practices in the cultivation of Cauliflower. Growing Season: Temperature affects vegetative growth and is critical to curding and reproductive stages of crop growth. Optimum temperature for growth of young plant is around 230 C and around 17-20 0 C in later stages. If temperature increases, vegetative growth continues and if temperature lowers it forms small curds. Day length and temperature influence transformation from vegetative to curding and curd development stage. For optimum curd development plants have to pass the juvenile phase and attain certain growth. Fluctuating temperatures at curd development cause many disorders. Growth can be classified as vegetative phase, curd initiation phase and curd development phase. Soil for Cauliflower: Cauliflower grows on sandy loam to clay loams. Soil prerequisite is that it should b well drained and rich in organic matter. A soil pH of 5.5-6.5 is optimum. Cauliflower Varieties: The varieties commonly grown in Hosur area...

29 Apr

Posted at 10:40h in Organic farming
Vimal Pratap Pandey 12,759 views

हरी खाद धान के कि‍सानों के लि‍ए वरदान है  Every farmer knows how much work goes into the production of a basket of compost and carrying it to the fields. But it never seems that the farm production gives an equal return for the hard work that goes into making and carrying the compost. Green manures are a method of replacing that basket of compost with a handful of seed. In this method, the plants that grow from the handful of seed are ploughed back into the soil. After a while in the soil, the plants rot down to become compost. Plants used in this way are called Green Manures. It's a very good way of increasing the fertility of the soil, and can give huge benefits for farmers. Green manure crops are primarily used in environmentally friendly agricultural practices to reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and herbicide. HOW TO GROW GREEN MANURE CROPS There are basically two ways in which green manures can be used:-1. When land is unused, or fallow between crops;2. While crops are still growing in the fields. 1. Using green manures as fallow When crop land is empty after crops have been harvested, green manure seeds can be sown as thickly as sowing wheat. When the green manure plants are...

27 Apr

Posted at 09:22h in Organic farming
6,745 views

वर्मीकम्पोस्ट (vermicompost) एक ऐसी खाद हैं, जिसमें विशेष प्रजाति के केंचुओं द्वारा बनाई जाती है। केंचुओं द्वारा गोबर एंव कचरे को खा कर, मल द्वारा जो चाय की पत्ती जैसा पदार्थ बनता हैं। यही वर्मीकम्पोस्ट हैं।  यह खाद अब तक किसी प्रकार से तैयार की गई खाद के मुकाबलें कई गुणा अधिक पोषक तत्वों से भरपूर हैं। केंचुए की खाद आम देषी खाद से आठ गुणा, भेड़, बकरी की मींगनी की खाद से चार गुणा एंव मुर्गी की बींट इत्यादि से दो गुणा अधिक कारगर विभिन्न प्रयोगों में आंकी गई हैं। दूसरी विशेषता केंचुए की खाद ठंड़ी खाद हैं। जबकी गोबर एंव मुर्गी की बीट गर्म खाद होने के कारण इसे केंचुए की खाद की अपेक्षा अधिक पानी की आवश्‍यकता होती हैं। इसकी तीसरी विशेषता यह हैं कि इस खाद को किसी भी समय दिया जा सकता है। रबी फसलों में इस खाद के उपयोग से पाला पडने की समस्या से बहुत हद तक छुटकारा पाया जा सकता है। केंचुए की खाद (vermicompost) बनाने का तरीका :- इस खाद के निर्माण हेतु प्रत्येक घर एंव/गांव में ही आसानी से उपलब्ध गोबर तथा कचरा एवं केंचुए द्वारा छायादार स्थान पर उचित पानी की उपलब्धता पर बहुत - कम लागत (औसत 20 से 30 पैसे प्रति किलो ) में fबना किसी विषिष्ट उपकरणों के, हम...

25 Apr

Posted at 05:24h in Organic farming
5,463 views

गार्डन मटर का जैवि‍क उत्पादन The concept of organic farming is receiving increased attention, and organic food markets are also expanding rapidly in many countries including India. The Indian pea  is export in world market (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Nepal etc.) is estimated quantity 10, 04, 638 Kg which earn in term of values 2, 63, 73, 064 Rs. (N.H.B. 2010-11)  This organic market expansion makes it possible for farmers to sell their products at high price premiums. Most of the cultivated are in north western Himalayas of India including Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and uttarakhand has largely remained organic by default. In view of renewed interest in organic farming and demand for organic products worldwide including India, these areas have vast potential to emerge as major suppliers of organic products. However, lack of systematic research on organic farming and unavailability of packages and practices for garden pea limit the realization of higher yields under organic mode of cultivation. Climate for garden Pea Peas are grown in varied climatic conditions. It requires cold and dry climate. The longer cold spell helps in increasing yield. Pea seed can germinate even at a minimum temperature of 5º C but the process is slow. The optimum temperature for germination is about 22 ºC....

23 Apr

Posted at 06:56h in Organic farming
15,263 views

जैव उर्वरक : रासायनिक उर्वरकों को बदलने का पर्यावरण हितैषी तरीका Increasing use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture make country self dependent in food production but it deteriorate environment and cause harmful impacts on living beings. Due to insufficient uptake of these fertilizers by plants results, fertilizers reaches into water bodies through rain water, causes eutrophication in water bodies and affect living beings including growth inhabiting micro organism. The excess uses of chemical fertilizers in agriculture are costly and also have various adverse effects on soils i.e. depletes water holding capacity, soil fertility and disparity in soil nutrients. It was felt from a long time to develop some low cost effective and eco-friendly fertilizers which work without disturbing nature. Now, certain species of micro-organism are widely used which have unique properties to provide natural products, and serve as a good substitute of chemical fertilizers. What is biofertilizer? A number of micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi and algae) are considered as beneficial for agriculture and used as bio-fertilizers. Why biofertilizers?   Biofertilizers are supposed to be a safe alternative to chemical fertilizers to minimize the ecological disturbance. Biofertilizers are cost effective, eco-friendly and when they are required in bulk can be generated at the farm itself. They increase crop yield upto 10-40% and fix nitrogen upto 40-50 Kg....

15 Mar

Posted at 09:34h in Organic farming
7,094 views

What is vermi-Compost वर्मी-कम्‍पोस्‍ट को वर्मीकल्‍चर या केंचुआ पालन भी कहते हैं। केंचुओं के मल से तैयार खाद ही वर्मी कम्‍पोस्‍ट कहलाती है। यह सब प्रकार की फसलों के लिए प्राकृतिक, सम्‍पूर्ण एव्र संतुलित आहार है।वर्मी-कम्‍पोस्‍ट का उत्‍पादन तथा विपणन एक अच्‍छा पर्यावरण हितैसी रोजगार है। प्राइज़ काल से ही केचुआ किसान का मित्र माना जाता है। खेतो की मिट्टी को भुरभुरी बनाकर यह प्राकृतिक हलवाहे का काम करता है। प्रसिद्ध दार्शनिक अरस्‍तू ने केंचुओ को धरती की ऑतें कहा है और डारविन ने तो इसे भूमी की उपजता का बैरोमीटर कहा केचुओं से खेती में लाभ: केचुओं के द्वारा भूमि की उर्वरकता, पी.एच., भौतिक अवस्‍था, जैव पदार्थ एवं लाभदायक जीवाणूओं मे वृद्धि होती है। केंचुओं के मल से भू‍मी में 5 गुणा नत्रजन, 1.5 गुणा विनिमयी सोडियम, 3 गुणा मैग्‍नीशियम, 7.2 गुणा सुलभ फासफोरस तथा 11 गुणा सुलभ पोटाश बढ जाती है। खेत में खरपतवार, कीडो एवं बीमारी मे कमी होती है । खेत मे केंचुए पालने से मटर व जंई के उत्‍पादन में 70 प्रतिशत, सेब उत्‍पादन में 25 प्रतिशत, और गेंहू के उत्‍पादन मे 30 प्रतिशत तक वृद्धि दर्ज की गई है। वर्मीकम्‍पोस्‍ट कैसे बनाऐं: फार्म व घरो के कूडे करकट, मक्‍का या बाजरे के डंठल- ठूंठ, सूखी पत्तियों व खरपतवार आदि को इक्‍कटठा करके किसी चबूतरे पर या गडढे में या 10’x3’x1.5’ आकार...

02 Mar

Posted at 04:02h in Organic farming
Manraj Yadav and Rajveer Yadav 263,503 views

टिकाऊ खेती में बायोफर्टीलाइजर एक कम लागत का फायदे वाला नि‍वेश  Biofertilizers are low cost, renewable sources of plant nutrients which supplements chemical fertilizers. These are nothing but selected or specific strains of beneficial soil microorganisms cultured in the laboratory and packed in a suitable carrier. They can be used either for seed treatment or soil application or liquid form. Biofertilizers generate plant nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous through their activities in the soil or Rhizosphere and make available to plants in a gradual manner. The side effects of indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture can be summarized as disturbances in the soil reaction, development of nutrient imbalances in plants, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, reduction in legume root nodulation and plant mycorrhizal associations, decrease in soil life and environmental hazards such as water pollution and soil humus reduction. The realization of such detrimental effects of chemical fertilizers when used continuously in large quantities in the absence of organic components has triggered interest regarding the alternatives to supply the plant nutrients in an integrated manner giving rise to Integrated Plant Nutrient System [IPNS] in which, bio-fertilizers play a major role. What is Biofertilizers Biofertilizers are the preparation containing micro-organisms beneficial to crop production in terms of nutrient supply with respect to N and...