Agriculture Knowledge for Everyone
Submit Article Contact Us
KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

धान Tag

01 Dec

Posted at 09:31h in Miscellaneous
Jugal K. Malav 17 views

धान की उपज में वृद्धि के लिए सिलिकॉन का महत्व Silicon (Si) is next to oxygen (O) in quantity on earth’s crust. Silicon in combination with oxygen forms silicon dioxide (SiO2) which is also known as silica. About 87% of the earth’s surface is made up of silica. There are 200 over types of silicate rocks in nature. These include quartz and mica. The white mica is made up of silicon, potassium and aluminum whereas the black mica contains iron and magnesium. The original soil minerals are predominantly silicate compounds. The silicon in sand, silt, and clay is extremely insoluble and difficult to be absorbed by plant. However, under the reaction of soil microorganism and a process called hydration, a small portion of silicon in the form of silicic acids (H4SiO4) is weakly soluble and thus become available to plants. Differential Absorption of Silicon by Rice Plants Plants vary in their ability to absorb silicon. Plants that can absorb and accumulate silicon in their tissues are known as silicon accumulators. These plants can accumulate up to 4-7% of silicon in their foliage. In contrary, the silicon non-accumulators can only absorb and store 0.5-1.5% of silicon. In general, dicot plants contain low quantity of silicon. Rice exhibits the greatest uptake of silicic acid in the grass family....

18 Aug

Posted at 07:25h in Crop Cultivation
A.Anandan 14 views

धान की सीधे बीज (डायरेक्ट सीडेड) से बुआई: पानी की खपत और श्रम को कम करने के लिए एक दृष्टिकोण In India, rice field covers an area of 43.94 million hectares (mha) with production of 106.54 mt and has the share of 21% in global rice production during 2013-14. Of the total rice area, 49.5% (22 mha) is irrigated, 13.5% (6 mha) is upland, and 32.4% (14.4 mha) is rainfed lowland. In Asia, 90% of fresh water has been exploited by agriculture and more than 50% is utilized to irrigate rice. More than 75% of the rice supply comes from 79 mha of irrigated land. Therefore, food security is challenged and threatened by declining water availability. By the end of 2025, 2 mha of dry season rice and 13 mha of wet season rice would suffer from “physical water scarcity” in Asia. On the other hand, 22 mha of irrigated dry season rice in South and Southeast Asia already experiencing “economic water scarcity”. Therefore, agriculture scientists looking for different approaches to reduce water use and increase the water use efficiency for rice production. An alternative approach to reduce water consumption and labour drudgery in rice cultivation is the concern. Direct seeded rice (DSR), helps farmers to earn more carbon credits than transplanted rice (TPR)...

08 May

Posted at 06:08h in Resource Management
Anita Meena 6 views

चावल के सतत उत्पादन के लिए संसाधन संरक्षण प्रौद्योगिकियों Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops in the world. In Asia, more than two billion people are getting 60-70 percent of their energy requirement from rice and its derived products. In India, rice occupies an area of 44 million hectares with an average production of 90 million tonnes at productivity of 2.0 tonnes per hectare. It is estimated that 140 million tones of rice would require by 2025 in India. Therefore to sustain present food self-sufficiency and to meet future food requirement, India has to increase its rice productivity by 3 per cent per annum.   The present production trend showed decline in productivity, mostly because of imbalanced use of fertilizers and pesticides, over-exploitation of the natural resources, particularly water, deterioration in physical conditions of the soil and emergence of new bio-types of pests and diseases. These led to yield stagnation, causing concern about the future potential for productivity growth and long-term sustainability. Thus the major challenge before the researcher is to innovate appropriate technologies to produce more food from diminished land resources for the burgeoning population pressure and to improve as well as conserve the natural resources of small and marginal farmers who contribute the greatest in this...

04 Dec

Posted at 05:57h in Postharvest
सीताराम देवांगन 15 views

Scientific methods of harvesting, threshing , drying and storage of paddy  विश्व में भारत धान उत्पादन मे चीन के बाद दूसरा सबसे बड़ा उत्पादक देश है। देश मे लगभग 50 प्रतिशत से अधिक लोग चावल का उपयोग करते हैं। धान की फसल मे कटाई से लेकर भंडारण तक लगभग 10 प्रतिशत धान की क्षति हो जाती है। कटाई एवं इसके उपरांत धान में होने वाली क्षति को कम करने की सबसे अधि‍क आवश्यकता है। यह पाया गया है कि कटाई, मड़ाई, सुखाना एवं भण्डारण के दौरान क्षति अधिक होती है। इस क्षति से बचने के लिए वैज्ञानिक विधियों का प्रयोग करना जरूरी है। इन्हीं कुछ विधियों का विवरण यहां प्रस्तुत किया गया है। धान की कटाई:- धान की कटाई श्रमिको या शक्ति चालित यंत्रो जैसे रीपर/ कंबाइन हारवेस्टर आदि द्वारा की जाती है। श्रमिको द्वारा कटाई करने में हस्तचालित उपकरणों जैसे कि हंसिया का उपयोग किया जाता है। हंसिया द्वारा कटाई में फसल की क्षति काफी कम होती है एवं धान का पुआल भी अधिक मात्रा में मिलता है। पुआल का उपयोग पशु आहार, ईंधन एवं रसायन निर्माण में किया जाता है। अतः पुआल संरक्षण से किसानों की आय बढ़ जाती है। परन्तु हंसिया से कटाई काफी मंद गति से होती है जिससे कटाई का खर्च अधिक आता है। शक्ति चालित मशीनों में रीपर एवं ट्रैक्टर चालित कम्बाइनर...

19 Aug

Posted at 07:06h in Crop disease
SHARAD SHROFF 45 views

चावल के 5 प्रमुख रोग (ओरीज़ा सतवा) 1. Rice Blast Causal Organism -Pyricularia oryzae (Syn: P. grisea) (Sexual stage: Magnaporthe grisea) Symptom- On the leaves, the lesions start as small water soaked bluish green specks, soon enlarge and form characteristic boat shaped spots with grey centre and dark brown margin. The spots join together as the disease progresses and large areas of the leaves dry up and wither. Similar spots are also formed on the sheath. Severely infected nursery and field show a burnt appearance. At the flower emergence, the fungus attacks the peduncle which is engirdled, and the lesion turns to brownish-black. This stage of infection is commonly referred to as rotten neck / neck rot / neck blast / panicle blast. In early neck infection, grain filling does not occur and the panicle remains erect like a dead heart caused by a stem borer. In the late infection, partial grain filling occurs. Small brown to black spots also may be observed on glumes of the heavily infected panicles. Management   Use of seeds from a disease free crop  Grow resistant varieties like  MTU 1010, Swathi, IR 64, IR 36, Jaya, Vijaya, Ratna,  Remove and destroy the weed hosts in the field bunds and channels.  Split application of nitrogen and judicious application of nitrogenous fertilizers  Treat the seeds with Captan or Thiram or Carbendazim...

25 Jun

Posted at 09:56h in Seed production
D.VIJAY 16 views

धान के ब्रीडर सीड या प्रजनक बीज का उत्पादन Breeder seed is seed or vegetative propagating material directly controlled by the originating or sponsoring plant breeder of the breeding programme or institution and / or seed whose production is personally supervised by a qualified plant breeder and which provides the source for the initial and recurring increase of Foundation seed.  Concept of breeder seed The breeder seed is the first stage seed in the generation system of seed production. The breeder seed provides the source of the first and the subsequent increase of foundation seeds. This seed is produced by or under the direct control of the sponsoring plant breeder. Production techniques of breeder seed of paddy 1.    Land selection: The breeder seed should be grown in such a field where earlier no rice crop was grown or if grown same variety and same class should be grown to avoid volunteer plants. 2.    Land preparation: The field should be prepared well with proper puddling, perfect levelling for uniform growth and maturity. 3.    Seed Source: Clean, healthy, and treated seeds are sown in seed beds 4.    Seed Rate: 10-15 Kg seed is sufficient for one acre based on seed type and test weight. 5.    Spacing:  15 x 20 or 15 x 15 cm2 (row x plant), depending on the season and variety. Keep 40 cm spacing after every 8 rows/...

23 Jun

Posted at 10:31h in Crop disease
Ravindra Kumar 30 views

बासमती चावल के 10 प्रमुख रोग और उनका प्रबंधन Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important food crops. It is staple food for more than half of the world’s population. India is one of the largest rice growing country with an area of around 44 m ha and production of more than 100 million tonnes. Rice is grown in almost all the states of India contributing about 42 per cent to the country’s food grain production and provides livelihood to about 70 per cent of the population. Basmati Rice, a special class of rice has contributed significantly for rice production and its export to other countries and is in high demand due to its high cooking quality and special aroma. During 2011–12 a total of 3.21 million tonnes of basmati rice was exported from India. But the bottleneck in its production is the disease pests. Unlikely to general rice, Basmati group is more prone to Bakanae disease along with some other important diseases. Recently there have been reports from USA and European countries regarding residue of fungicides in basmati rice which is detrimental for human health. The residue can be minimized by application of fungicides at recommended dosages and at appropriate time/stage. In the present article major diseases of...

14 Feb

Posted at 09:23h in Crop Cultivation
संतोष कुमार 13 views

Paddy cultivation in low cost by zero tillage (Direct sowing) technique is beneficial for farmers . धान भारत की एक प्रमुख फसल है। हमारे देश में लगभग 42 मि. हे. क्षेत्र में धान की खेती की जाती है जिसमें से 20.7 मिलीयन हे. क्षेत्र वर्षा आधारित है। पूर्वी भारत में 162 लाख हेक्टेयर में धान की खेती वर्षा आधारित है। जिसमें 6.3 मि.हे. ऊपरी जमीन एवं 7.3 मि.हे. निचली भूमि  सूखे से हमेशा प्रभावित रहती है। बिहार राज्य में धान की खेती करीब 38 लाख हेक्टेयर में की जाती है। इसमें मात्र एक तिहाई जमीन ही सिंचित है जबकी दो - तिहाई क्षेत्र में धान की खेती नहर के पानी एवं वर्षा जल पर आधारित है। असिंचित क्षेत्रों में समय पर वर्षा का पानी न मिलने से किसान लोग समय से कादो नहीं कर पाते हैं जिससे धान की रोपनी में विलम्ब हो जाती है। इसके साथ-साथ सिंचित नहरी क्षेत्रों में भी नहर का पानी समय पर नहीं आने से धान की रोपाई विलम्ब से होती है। इससे पैदावर में कमी के साथ-साथ रबी फसल जैसे गेहूँ की बुवाई में देरी हो जाती है। फलतः रबी फसल की उपज भी घट जाती है। इस समस्या का धान की सीधी बुवाई ही एक सही विकल्प है। सीधे बुआई (जीरो टिलेज) का मतलब...