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KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

गेंहूॅ Tag

24 May

Posted at 07:31h in Miscellaneous
राकेश्वर वर्मा 7 views

Recommended Monthly Agricultural Activities for Scientific Farming 1. जनवरी माह के कृषि कार्य: Agricultural work to be carried out in the month of January गेंहूॅ फसल:  पत्‍ती व तना भेदक की रोकथाम के लि‍ए इमि‍डाक्‍लोप्रि‍ड 200 ग्राम प्रति‍ हैक्‍टेयर या क्‍यूनलफॉस 25ई.सी. दवा 250 ग्राम प्रति‍ हैक्‍टेयर का प्रयोग करें। प्रोपीकोनाजोल 0.1 प्रति‍शत के घोल का छि‍डकाव करे। गेहूॅ की पछेती कि‍स्‍मों में बुआई के 17 से 18 दि‍न बाद सि‍चाई करें तथा उसके बाद 15-20 दि‍नों के अंतराल पर सि‍ंचाई करते रहे। गेंहूं की फसल को चूहों से बचाने के लि‍ए जि‍कं फॉस्‍फाइड से बने चारे अथवा एल्‍यूमि‍नि‍यम से बनी टि‍कि‍या का प्रयोग करें। सब्‍जि‍यॉं : प्‍याज के पौधों की रोपाई करें। प्‍याज के पौधों की रोपाई के बाद सि‍चाई करें तथा खरपतवार नि‍यंत्रण के लि‍ए रोपाई के बाद पैन्‍डामैथि‍लि‍न दवा 2.5 लि‍टर प्रति‍ हैक्‍टेयर के दर से छि‍डकाव करें। गोभी वर्गीय फसल में सि‍चाई  गुडाई व मि‍टटी चढाने का काम करें। पि‍छले माह रोपी गई टमाटर की फसल में स्‍टेकि‍गं यानि‍ सहारा देने का काम करें। टमाटर व प्‍याज में जि‍क व बोरान की कमी होने पर 20-25 कि‍लो जि‍कं सल्‍फेट व बोरेक्‍स का प्रयोग करे। दलहनी फसल मटर में फली भेदक के नि‍यंत्रण के लि‍ए इमि‍डाक्‍लोप्रि‍ड 200 ग्राम सक्रि‍य तत्‍व प्रति‍ हैक्‍टेअर की दर से 600 से 800 लीटर पानी में घोलकर छि‍डकाव करें। मटर में पत्‍ती भेदक के लि‍ए मेटासि‍स्‍टॉक्‍स 20 ईसी दवा 1...

12 Feb

Posted at 07:01h in Seed production
Nirmodh prabha 27 views

गेंहूं का बीज उत्‍पादन The production of wheat crop for seed purpose requires almost similar agronomic operations as are used for grain crop production. However, seed production differs from normal grain production on the issues of isolation requirements, rouging and special attention in carrying operations of harvesting, threshing and storage. Moreover, for seed production one has to follow the specific guidelines issued by the seed certification Agency for ensuring specific field and seed standards which include a) seed multiplication b) Isolation requirements c) Roguing and d) Field inspection. Wheat Seed Multiplication: To maintain the genetic purity of the seed, a generation system of seed production is followed. In wheat seed production, In India usually four to five generations are commonly used namely Breeder - Foundation I - Foundation II - Certified Selection of seed plot: The seed plot should have good soil texture and fertility The plot selected for seed crop must be free from volunteer plants and weed plants. The seed plot shall be well leveled. The seed plot should have proper drainage. Selection of variety: Proper care should be taken in selecting a variety. An improved variety should be selected as per agro climatic conditions of the region. The variety selected should be high yielding. It should possess resistance to diseases prevalent in the area.  Wheat Varieties recommended for chhattisgarh A.Irrigated condition timely sown...

11 Jan

Posted at 08:54h in Seed production
SK Singh 22 views

गेंहू के व्‍यवसायि‍क संकर बीज उत्पादन के लिए गेहूं में मेल स्टेरिलिटी सिस्टम Exploitation of hybrid vigour at commercial level through development of hybrid wheat is considered as one of the promising approach for increasing wheat productivity. Work on hybrid wheat started world over in 1962 and utilization of heterosis through hybrid breeding has given very high dividends in many field crops including horticulture. The discovery of an effective cytoplasmic male sterility and pollen fertility restoration systems in wheat opened up new avenues for commercial hybrid seed production. Kihara (1951) pointed out the possibility of using male sterility by transferring the nucleus of common wheat into the cytoplasm of Aegilops caudata. Among the cytoplasms which in an interaction with Triticum nucleus bring about sterility, T. timopheevii seems to be the most suitable one for commercial production of hybrid seed. Wheat is monoecious and therefore, a line designated as female must not be allowed to produce pollen capable of fertilization while acting as a parent. As wheat flowers are hermaphrodite, the labour requirement for mechanical emasculation is very high. Methods for procuring male sterility in plants may be genetically controlled including cytoplasmic male sterili­ty, nuclear male sterility and self-incompatibility or through chemical hybridization agents or hand emasculation. Three methods for obtaining male sterility have been proposed...

26 May

Posted at 04:24h in Crop disease
Rajita 22 views

गेहूं फसल का स्पॉट ब्लॉच रोग: एक उभरती हुई समस्या Wheat is the most widely grown and consumed food crop of the world. It is estimated that to maintain self-sufficiency in the availability of wheat in India, annual production of wheat should increase by 2 percent annually. Recent climate changes have aggravated the disease scenario in India which leads to increase in the incidence of Helminthosporium leaf blight of wheat i.e. spot blotch caused by the Bipolaris sorokiniana. In India, foliar blight is considered to be a complex issue due to presence of Alternaria sp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana in blighted leaf samples which make it difficult to identify the cause of disease in the field. However, B. sorokiniana dominates in Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Alternaria triticina is predominant in Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab (Goyal et al., 1999) This,spot blotch disease is of much economic importance in humid and warmer areas especially in North eastern plains zone (NEPZ), but due to climate change and crop intensification this disease is also gaining attention in north western, peninsular zone and central zone of India, posing new challenges to farmers. The rice and wheat rotations over larger areas in Punjab, Haryana, western U.P. and thereby causing delayed...

25 Jun

Posted at 04:56h in Postharvest
Om Prakash Gupta 9 views

गेहूं के विभिन्न अंत उत्पादों के पोषण संबंधी मूल्य पर प्रसंस्करण का प्रभाव To meet the energy need of the ever growing world’s population, wheat is the second most widely gowned cereal after rice in the world. The importance of wheat is mainly due to the fact that its grain can be processed into various end products like flour, semolina, and other bakery products. The quality of these products is directly proportional to preserving the nutrient density of wheat while processing. Table 1, shows the nutritional composition of different end products which is comparable with the whole wheat grains. Processing of wheat grain involves different regulated steps right from the harvesting the grains to the production of flour to be used to form various end products. Therefore, enough care should be taken at each step while processing. In this article we have highlighted the nutritional loss of various end products while processing. Table 1: Nutritional profile of some wheat products (amount /100g grain) S.No Nutrient Whole grain Wheat bread Semolina Kellogg   Spaghetti Cooked Wheat, durum Chapatti    Carbohydrate   1. Total carbohydrate (g) 72.5 47.5 72.8 77 26.5 71.1 49 2. Dietary fiber (g) 12.1 3.6 3.9 15 4.5 - 4.04    Protein   1. Protein (g) 13.6 10.9 12.7 15 5.3 13.7 8   Fats   1. Total fat (g) 1.8 3.6 1.1 1.6 0.5 2.5 8 2. Saturated fatty acid (g) 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 - 3. Monounsaturated fatty acid (g) 0.25 0.8 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.3 - 4. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (g) 0.75 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.2 1 - 5. Omega-3-fatty acid (mg) 38 135 37 - 10 48 - 6. Omega-6-fatty acid (mg) 738 1300 393 - 203 930 -   Vitamins   1. Vitamin A (IU) 9.1 - - - 3   - 2. Vitamin E (mg) 0.8 0.2 - - 0.3   - 3. Thiamine (B1) (mg) 0.41 0.4 0.3 - 0.1 0.4 - 4. Riboflavin (B2) (mg) 0.25 0.3 0.1 - - 0.1 - 5. Niacin (B3) (mg) 6.3 5.2 3.3 - 0.7 6.7 - 6. Pantothenic acid (B5) (mg) 1.0 0.8 0.6 - 0.4 0.9 - 7. Pyridoxine (B6) (mg) 0.3 - - - - 0.4 - 8. Folate (B7) (µg) 44 85 72 - 5 43 -   Minerals   1. Calcium (mg) 34 142 17 40 15 34 - 2. Iron (mg) 3.9 3.5 1.2 - 1.1 3.5 - 3. Magnesium (mg) 138 48 47 - 30 144 - 4. Phosphorus (mg) 345.8 155 136 421 89 508 - 5. Potassium (mg) 405 184 186 475 44 431 - 6. Sodium (mg) 5 521 1 3 3 2 - 7. Zinc (mg) 2.9 1.2 1.1 - 0.8 4.2 - 8. Copper (mg) 0.4 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 0.6 - 9. Manganese...