Agriculture Knowledge for Everyone
Submit Article Contact Us
KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

चारा Tag

15 Jan

Posted at 08:57h in Crop disease
अंशुल गुप्ता 19 views

Weed management for bursim and Lucerne बरसीम एवं लूसर्न हरे, रसदार एवं स्वादिष्ट चारे के लिए रबी (शीत ऋृतु) में सिंचित क्षेत्रों की महत्वपूर्ण फसलें हैं। ये फसलें वायुमण्डलीय नाइट्रोजन का भूमि में स्थिरीकरण करके भूमि की उर्वरता बढ़ाती है। ये पोषण की दृष्टि से उच्च गुणवत्ता वाली चारे की फसलें हैं। ये दुधारू पशुओं के लिए अत्यन्त उपयोगी होती है। बरसीम एवं लूसर्न में प्रोटीन, खनिज पदार्थ मुख्यतः कैल्सियम तथा फास्फोरस, विटामिन आदि के महत्वपूर्ण स्त्रोत हैं। दोनों फसलों की औसत पाचनशीलता 60-70 प्रतिशत तक पायी जाती है। बरसीम फसल की उच्च गुणवत्ता के कारण इसे ‘चारे की फसलों का राजा’ कहा जाता है। लूसर्न (रिजका) एवं बरसीम की फसलों में खर-पतवार (अवांछित पौधे) काफी संख्या में उग आते हैं जो कि इनकी पैदावार एवं गुणवत्ता के लिए हानि पहुँचाते हैं। कई खर-पतवारों के कारण पशु अच्छी तरह से इनके चारे को नहीं खाते हैं। वर्षा ऋृतु वाले कुछ खर-पतवार शीत ऋृतु के आरम्भ में ही बरसीम एवं लूसर्न के खेतों में उग जाते हैं तथा जैसे ही शीत ऋृतु आरम्भ होती है, ये खरपतवार तब तक अपनी संख्या बढ़ाकर इन चारे की फसलों के साथ रोशनी, नमी एवं पोषक पदार्थो के लिए प्रतियोगिता (संघर्ष) शुरू कर देते हैं। कुछ खरपतवार जैसे पत्थरचट्टा (ट्राइन्थेमा मोनोगायना), तंगला (डाइजेरा आरवेन्सिस), जंगली चैलाई (अमरेन्थस...

05 Jan

Posted at 10:07h in Seed production
D. Vijay 13 views

भारत में चारा फसलों के बीज गुणवत्ता मानक Agriculture accounts for 54.6% of total employment in India and contributes 15.2% of total GDP. Livestock occupies a crucial position in Indian agriculture and directly contributing 27% of agricultural GDP. India, with 2.29% of the world land area, is maintaining about 10.71% of world’s livestock population. The number of milch animals have increased from 62 million in 2000 to 83.15 million in 2012 resulting in 4.04% year-on-year growth rate of milk. Thus, to sustain this growth rate and for further expansion to meet the demands of ever growing human population, livestock needs sustainable supply of feed material. The area under fodder cultivation is estimated to be about 4% of the gross cropped area which remained static for the last four decades. The traditional grazing lands are gradually diminishing because of urbanization, expansion of cultivable area, grazing pressure and industrialization etc. These factors resulted in severe shortage of feed and fodder to the extent of 26% in dry-crop residues, 35.6% in green fodder and 41% of concentrates. To reduce the demand and supply gap, the production and productivity of fodder crops needs to be enhanced. The horizontal expansion of cultivable area under fodder crops is difficult due to severe competition from food crops. Apart...

20 Sep

Posted at 06:52h in Crop Varietes
V. K. Wasnik 26 views

बुंदेल गिनी -2: चारा फसल की एक उन्‍नत किस्म The forage crops are grown in 4.8 % of the total cultivated land in India to feed 15% of the world’s livestock population. In present situation the country is facing a net deficit of 35.6% green fodder, 10.95% dry fodder and 44% concentrate feed mixture. Among all fodder grasses, guinea grass is most preferred by farmers for cultivation. A high yielding and nutritious guinea grass variety BG-2 (JHGG 04-1) was developed through selection. The variety has exhibited average potential to produced 70-90 t/ha green fodder with 7.8 % crude protein content in trials in rainfed condition, however it has potential to yield upto 150 t/ha green fodder under irrigated condition. The variety has shown adaptability to rainfed condition and resistance to drought under semi arid condition.  Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) belongs to the grass family Gramineae/ Poaceae. As a perennial crop, it is suitable for cultivation in humid, tropical and sub tropical areas. It grows well on a wide range of soils and climate. Guinea grass is also tolerant to the light stress. It has fast growing habit, quick regeneration, good herbage quality and well responsive to fertilizer and irrigation. Being a perennial grass, green fodder yield ranges from 80 to 100 t/ha/year and...

19 Aug

Posted at 06:25h in Seed production
Aniruddha Maity 15 views

चारा फसलों के बीज उत्पादन के लिए फील्ड मानक India sustains about 10.7 per cent of the world’s livestock population. The productivity of our livestock often remains low due to inadequate and nutritionally unbalanced supply of feed and fodder. Availability of quality seed in forage crops to enhance production and productivity of feed and fodder is long felt need. Forage crops in general and range grasses and legumes in particular are shy seed producers. Therefore, quantity and quality seed production is an important area that needs to be strengthened for vertical growth in cultivated fodders. Usually farmers do not produce seed. The seeds sold in local market are of poor quality and infested with weeds/ diseased /insect damaged, a discouraging factor for forage cultivation. Moreover, prevalence of several diseases compounded by the fluctuating climate is a major threat to all crops including fodders. Looking into a wide acceptability among farmers and high demand for quality seed, concerted efforts are needed to develop suitable seed production method of superior varieties. And a good seed production method is intended to maintain and make available to the public, through certification, high quality seeds and propagating materials of notified kind and varieties so grown and distributed as to ensure genetic identity and genetic purity. Since the...

26 Jun

Posted at 10:10h in Crop Cultivation
S.P.S. Tanwar 18 views

चारा बीट - एक उत्कृष्ट चारा फसल Fodder beet (Beta vulgaris sub sp. maritime) is considered to be one of the highest biomass producing crop and cultivated globally mainly for its fleshy, swollen roots. The major fodder beet producing countries are France, United Kingdom, Netherland, New Zealand, Belarus, China, Japan. The plant is similar to sugar beet but its roots are less deeply buried (upto 2/3 above ground) and the dark green heart shaped leaves are borne in a rosette lying more horizontally (Fig.1). It has an inherent capacity of salt tolerance and probably the highest biomass producing crop in saline environments. Fodder beets provide excellent quality fodder (Table 1). It is energy rich highly palatable and digestible fodder. Studies revealed that feeding fodder beet roots can maintain animal productivity, to save about 50% of ration concentrate feed mixture and increased milk yield and its component.    Recently, Fodder bee has been introduced in India and some trials were conducted by Central Arid Zone Research Institute, State Agriculture Departments of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, and few seed companies. In almost all the places, the biomass production of this crop was many times higher than other fodder crops of the region. A great response was received from the farmers. With the strengthening of...

20 Apr

Posted at 10:47h in Crop Cultivation
Rakesh Choudhary 10 views

सिलेज (कुटटी) और सूखी घास के रूप में चारा संरक्षण करना Crop production is concerned with the utilization of plant morphological and physiological responses within an agro-climatic environment to produce maximum yield per unit area and time. Year-round forage production through combination of perennial and annual forages. Overlapping cropping systems developed at the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (IGFRI), Jhansi, to fulfill the needs of dairy farmers for green fodder throughout the year and for small farmers requiring maximum forage from a piece of land. It consists of raising berseem, inter-planted with hybrid Napier in spring and intercropping the inter-row spaces of the grass with cowpea during summer after the final harvest of berseem. This system was found superior to multiple crop sequences both in terms of production and economic returns. The hybrid Napier could be successfully replaced with relatively soft and palatable perennial grasses like Setaria and guinea grass and berseem with lucerne wherever required. Fodder crops are the plant species that are cultivated and harvested for feeding the animals in the form of forage (cut green and fed fresh), silage (preserved under anaerobic condition) and hay (dehydrated green fodder). The total area under cultivated fodders is 8.3 million ha on individual crop basis. Sorghum amongst the kharif crops (2.6...

20 Feb

Posted at 13:29h in Crop Cultivation
Himachal Motghare 20 views

चारे के लि‍ए उत्‍तम गुणवत्‍ता की पुआल और सिलेज बनानें का तरीका Grass is the cheapest source of feed for any livestock enterprise and effective utilisation of grass and its management is the key to getting the most of your grassland. Ruminant animals depend on grass as a major source of energy and protein as well as vitamins and minerals. So to take maximum return from the grass there is a way to make qualitied hay and silage from these. Silage contains 1%-5% of free sugar. This can be fermented anaerobically into a lactic fermentation that will remain stable for years or even decades. Ideally grass should be cut, allowed to dry a little to 75% moisture content, and then chopped and taken to the store (silo) and compacted and sheeted with polythene sheet to exclude air. Silage has a characteristic and pleasant smell. Haylage usually has a moisture content of 75% to 55%. Hay is grass that is cut, dried and stored by humans to be used at a later date i.e  hay is sun-dried grass whiles silage is fermented pasture (grass). Hay making is the process of turning green, perishable forage into a product that can be safely stored and easily transported without danger of spoilage, while keeping nutrient loss to a minimum....

28 Jun

Posted at 10:01h in Crop Varietes
12 views

चारा फसलों की उन्‍नत किस्‍में पशुओं से अधिक दुग्ध उत्पादन लेने के लिए किसान भाईयों को चाहिए कि वे ऐसी बहुवर्षीय हरे चारे की फसले उगाऐं  जिनसे पशुओं को दलहनी एवं गैरदलहनी चारा वर्ष भर उलब्ध हो सकें।  रबी एवं खरीफ के लिए पौष्टिक हरा चारा उगाने की योजना कृषकों को अवश्य बनानी चाहिए।  खरीफ एवं रबी के कुछ पौष्टिक हरे चारे की उन्‍नत किस्‍में इस प्रकार है।  चारा फसल किस्‍में बीज की दर मक्‍का J-1006, किसान, अफ्रीकन टाल एवं विजय, टाइप-41, मक्का गंगा-2, गंगा-7, 50- 60 कि.ग्रा. प्रति हेक्टेयर बीज शुद्ध फसल की बुआई के लिए।  फलीदार चारे जैसे लोबिया के साथ 2:1 के साथ मिलाकर बोना चाहिए। रिजका Anand-2, Anand-3, LLC3, T-9, RL-88,RL-48   बरसीम UPB-110, Bundel barsim 2, वरदान जे.वी.-1 तथा वी.एल.-1, वी.एल.-10, जे.एच.वी.-146 25-30 कि.ग्रा. बीज की आवश्यकता प्रति हेक्टेयर लोबिया IC-4216,Haryana lobia-88, रशियन जायन्ट, एच.एफ.सी.-42-1, यू.पी.सी.-5286, यू.पी.सी.-5287, यू.पी.सी.-287, एन.पी.-3, बुन्देल लोबिया (आई.एम.सी.-8503), सी.-20, सी.-30.-558) अकेले बोने के लिए 40 कि.ग्रा. बीज प्रति हेक्टेयर पर्याप्त होता है।  मक्का या जवार के साथ मिलाकर बुआई के लिए 15-20 कि.ग्रा. बीज प्रयोग करना चाहिए। जौं  Azad, K141 , Ratna, RD 2035 , RD 2552, RD 2715 and BHS 380, कैन्ट (यू.पी.ओ.-94), यू.पी.ओ.-212, ओ.एस.-6, जे.एच.ओ.-822, जे.एच.ओ.-851 100-120 कि.ग्रा. प्रति हेक्टेयर ज्वार मीठी ज्वार (रियो): पी.सी.-6, पी.सी.-9, यू.पी. चरी 1 व 2, पन्त चरी-3, एच.-4, एख्.सी.-308, हरियाणवी चरी-171, आई.जी.एफ.आर.आई.एम.-452, एस.-427, आर. आई.-212, एफ.एस.-277, एच.सी.--136 बहु कटान वाली ज्वार प्रजातियां: एम.पी. चरी एवं पूसा चरी-23, एस.एस.जी.-5937 (मीठी सुडान), एम.एफ.एस.एच.-3, पायनियर-998 छोटे बीजों वाली किस्मों में...