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apple Tag

14 Dec

Posted at 07:31h in Crop Cultivation
दिशा ठाकुर1, मनीष ठाकुर2, किरण ठाकुर3 12 views

सेब के बगीचे  में ट्रेनींग और प्रूनिंग  Pruning means the removal of parts of a tree so as to influence its natural growth in such a way that it will bear as much fruit as possible, bear fruit more regularly and produce better quality fruit. Pruning in apple tree is one of the most important technical operations. Proper pruning can greatly improve the quality and quantity of the fruit and  proper pruning can reduce the economic impact of older trees सेब के बगीचे  में ट्रेनींग और प्रूनिंग  सेब की खेती से हिमाचल प्रदेश के पहाड़ी लोगों की अर्थव्यवस्था में जबरदस्त बदलाव आया है। लेकिन साथ ही खेती की लागत बढ़ने से यह काफी महंगा होता जा रहा है।  विशेष रूप से श्रमिकों की मजदूरी में वृद्धि कीटनाशकों कवकनाशी और उर्वरकों के अत्यधिक उपयोग के कारण। पहाड़ी इलाकों के कारण बागों में सभी कार्यों को मैन्युअल रूप से करना पड़ता है। इसके अलावा हमें चीन ऑस्ट्रेलिया न्यूजीलैंड और यूएसए जैसे अन्य देशों से भी प्रतिस्पर्धा का सामना करना पड़ रहा है। जहां सभी ऑपरेशन यंत्रवत् किए जाते हैं और खेती की लागत बहुत कम होती है। इन देशों में केवल कटाई और छंटाई मैन्युअल रूप से की जाती हैI हिमाचल प्रदेश में सेब का रकबा कई गुना बढ़ा है और उत्पादन भी बढ़ा है और सही...

01 Sep

Posted at 06:48h in Miscellaneous
भारती1, राहुल बनर्जी1, पंकज दास1, रजनी चौधरी2, स्मृति बंसल3, गीता वर्मा3 12 views

Problem faced by the farmers of Rohru-Shimla in the production and marketing of apple crop हिमाचल प्रदेश मुख्य रूप से एक समशीतोष्ण पहाड़ी राज्य है जो वाणिज्यिक समशीतोष्ण फलों जैसे कि सेब, आड़ू, बेर, खुबानी, अखरोट, स्ट्रॉबेरी और चेरी इत्यादि के उत्पादन के लिए जाना जाता है। हिमाचल प्रदेश के 12 जिलों में से शिमला, कुल्लू, किन्नौर, मंडी, सिरमौर और चंबा में सेब का उत्पादन होता है और इन जिलों में से शिमला और कुल्लू सेब के उत्पादन की दृष्टि से सबसे महत्वपूर्ण जिले हैं। रोहरु शिमला जिले का एक पहाड़ी खंड है जो कि सेब के उत्पादन के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। रोहरू देशांतर 77.45° और 77.75° E और अक्षांश 31.12° और 31.20° N के बीच स्थित है। सेब की खेती इस खंड की ग्रामीण जनता के सामाजिक-आर्थिक परिवर्तन में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है। इस खंड की अधिकांश ग्रामीण आबादी सेब की फसल द्वारा प्राप्त आय पर निर्भर करती है। सेब की खेती करते समय और इस फसल को अंतिम उपभोक्ता तक पहुंचाने के लिए यहाँ के किसानों को विभिन्न कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ता है। सेब उत्पादन और विपणन में आने वाली समस्याओं की पहचान करने के लिए 100 किसानों का सर्वेक्षण किया गया और उनके द्वारा दी गयी मूल्यवान जानकारी का उपयोग निष्कर्ष निकालने में किया गया। सेब की खेती के दौरान...

02 Mar

Posted at 08:43h in Crop Cultivation
Hiralal Jana 39 views

हाथी ऐप्पल: आर्थिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण पेड के रूप में उभर रहा है Elephant apple crop is native to south-eastern Asia. Its botanical name is Dillenia indica (डिलिनिया इंडिका) and chalta (चाल्टा) is the name in one of Indian languages. Chalta crop is probably a native of India. It is found growing wild in Indian forests along the base of Himalayas from Nepal to Meghalaya. It bears green fruits which resemble large apples. The fruit thrives in swamps and semi-tropical forests in deep soil and humid atmosphere. Officially harvesting of chalta (elephant apple) from forest is prohibited in India as this fruits is one of the favourite fruits of wild elephant. The introducer of binomial nomenclature, Carolus Linnaeus told, ‘Dillenia has the showiest flower among all plants.’   Why the name is elephant apple? The English name of the plant, elephant apple, came from the fact that in its native range, it is a very popular fruit with the local wild elephants. Fruits are really relished and dispersed by wild elephants, hence popular name ‘Elephant Apple.’   Why the botanical name of elephant apple is Dillenia indica?  Genus = Dillenia;   Species=indica . In 1737, father of taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus named the genus to honour Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684-1747 A.D.), a German Botanist and Professor of Botany at Oxford. The...

21 Dec

Posted at 08:32h in Seed production
Kundan Kishore 30 views

बागवानी में पॉलीएब्रीयोनी या बहुभ्रूणता और इसकाा महत्व में  Polyembryony is the occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed which consequently results in the emergence of multiple seedlings. The additional embryos result from the differentiation and development of various maternal and zygotic tissues associated with the ovule of seed. Earlier, polyembryony is said to have an abnormal feature but now it is considered as a desirable character in citrus, mango, jamun, rose apple, almond, etc. to obtain true to type planting material. In the usual process of plant reproduction, egg cell (female) of ovule fertilizes with the male gamete which in turn culminates in embryo (zygotic). On the other hand, in some of the crops, somatic cells of ovule (usually nucellus) start producing embryo without fertilization results in the occurrence of more than one embryo in the seed (polyembryony). The formation of embryo without sexual process is called apomixis (Apo=away from+ mixis = act of mixing) and seed is called apomictic seed, whereas the condition is called polyembryony. In most of the cases, sexual embryo and nucellar embryo developes simultaneously which is known as facultative polyembryony. Polyembryony was first reported by Leeuwenhoek in citrus as early as 1719 and the different cases of polyembryony in plants were studied by Braun in 1859. In 1878 Strasburger demonstrated...

22 Sep

Posted at 06:47h in Crop disease
डा। बशीर अहमद राठर 22 views

कारगिल, लद्दाख क्षेत्र में कोडलि‍गं मोथ के प्रबंधन के लिए एक संभावित उपकरण - सामूहिक फंदा (मास ट्रैप)  Mass trapping is just as the name suggests, placement of a large number of traps in an area, which usually have a sticky cardboard bottom baited with pheromone lures. The lure mimics the scent of a female moth attracting male moths to the trap with the result preventing or delaying mating. Mass trapping requires a high density of traps in order to remove enough males to reduce insect damage. Mass trapping has been attempted for a variety of agricultural, orchard and forest pests on scales ranging from a few to thousands of hectares . The majority of mass trapping programs have been used for pest management rather than eradication program. Mass trapping has been tested both as a stand-alone control method and in combination with insecticides and other treatments. It can help to reduce codling moth populations but won’t  eliminate the damage. This method works best where trees are isolated from other trees harboring codling moth (Apple, Pear, English Walnut). The key objective of mass trapping in pest management or eradication is to capture enough insects in the treated area before they reproduce or damage crops, which requires the following:- Deployed traps release pheromone/attractant that is perceived by...

23 Apr

Posted at 07:18h in Crop disease
14 views

ठंडे व शुष्‍क लद्दाख मे पतझडी फलों के कीट कोडलि‍ंग मोथ का प्रबंधन  Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is globally considered as one of the serious insect-pest of deciduous fruits in almost every apple growing regions of the world. In India this pest is restricted to cold arid region (Ladakh) of Jammu and Kashmir State. This pest is believed to have entered into Ladakh from Pakistan and Afghanistan (North West border) and created havoc to the apple orchards of the region and a big menace to the growth and development of apple industry in the area. Presently this pest is the most persistent, destructive and difficult pest to control among the insect-pests of apple fruits. In Ladakh, it is widely distributed in all the fruit growing areas viz; Karkichoo, Mangbore, Hardass, Sainikund, Batalik, Dah, Hanoo, area of Kargil district and Lamayuru, Skurbuchan, Khatlse, Ymisgam, Basgo, Saspole and Nimmu areas of Leh district. To avoid and restrain its spread to the neighboring apple growing areas, specifically in Himachal Pradesh and Kashmir valley, the marketing and supply of apple produce from Ladakh region is restricted through various quarantine checks.  Nature and extent of damage  Codling moth has a remarkable ability to adapt to a wide range of climatic conditions and geographical locations. Being a multi-volatile species with facultative...