29 Aug Two Major Diseases of Groundnut and Its Management
मूंगफली के दो प्रमुख रोग और उसका प्रबंधन 1. Tikka disease of Groundnut It is also called leaf spot disease of groundnut. It caused losses 20 to 50%. Symptoms: Based on the relative time of spot appearance, disease is categorized as (i) early leaf spot and (ii) late leaf spot and their comparative symptoms are as follows: Characters Early leaf spot (ELS) Late leaf spot (LLS) Caused by fungus Cercaspora arachidicola Cercosporidium personatum Perfect stage of pathogen Mycosphaerella arachidicola Mycosphaerella berkeleyli. Time of spot appearance After 3-4 weeks of sowing (on about one month old plants) After 6-8 weeks of sowing (on about two month old plants) Spot shape Irregular or circular Almost circular Spot colour Reddish brown to black on upper surface & light brown on lower surface. Dark brown to black on both sides. Spot size Bigger (1 to 10 mm in diameter) Smaller (1 to 6 mm in diameter) Spot numbers Less in number More in number Yellow halo Spot surrounded by yellow halo. Rarely or not surrounded by yellow halo Danger and Loss Less dangerous and loss is low More dangerous and loss is high due to production of more spots, spread faster & cause defoliation earlier Predominance Dominant in North India Dominant in South and central states. Pathogen: Cercospora arachidicala (Teleomorph or perfect stage "Mycosphaesrella archidicola) = ELS Cercosporidium personatum (teleomorph or perfect stage = M. berkeleyli) = LLS Classification: According to Hawksworth et.al. 1995 Kingdom Fungi Group Mitosporic fungi (Deuteromycetes) Genus (i) Cercospora (ii) Cercosporidium Species (i) archidicola...