Agriculture Knowledge for Everyone
Submit Article Contact Us
KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

Crop Cultivation

18 Dec

Posted at 11:26h in Crop Cultivation
Gurdeep Singh 7,703 views

कश्मीर घाटी में चावल गहनता (एसआरआई) प्रणाली के कार्यान्वयन की गुंजाइश व उपयोगिता “The system of rice intensification (SRI)" is a method of rice cultivation that involves efficient utilization of natural resources in conjunction with judicious use of external inputs to produce optimum rice yield.  Although SRI is best explained operationally in terms of making certain changes in conventional rice-growing practices, it is not best defined in terms of practices. SRI is a strategy of irrigated rice production, adapted to local conditions, that alters plant, soil, water and nutrient management practices with the purpose of (a) inducing larger and better-functioning root systems, and (b) more abundant, diverse and active communities of soil biota that live in association with the root systems.These organisms include both flora and fauna. SRI cultivation is a system rather than a technology. It is based on the insights that rice has the potential to produce more tillers and grains than now observed and that early transplanting and optimal growth conditions spacing, humidity, biological active and healthy soil and aerobic soil conditions during vegetative growth can fulfill this potential. Presently sizeable farmers are practicing SRI in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal & Punjab, Orissa and has been also initiated in Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir,  Bihar,...

20 Nov

Posted at 10:02h in Crop Cultivation
Himachal Motghare 40,864 views

भारत मे गेंहू उगाने की उन्‍नत प्रौद्योगिकी   Its scientific name is triticum aestivum and first originated at Middle East. Wheat grains are used to make flour, which is transformed into dough and then breads. Wheat is a staple food in India. It contains manganese, phosphorus, magnesium and selenium in very large quantities. Wheat also rich in zinc, copper, iron and potassium. Calcium is present but in small amounts. They contain vitamin b. Vitamin E and vitamin K are also present but in small amounts. Wheat has a calorific value of 339.0 per 100 gm. Being a grain, it is very appropriate in calories and hence, filling as a food. Wheat cultivation is most important agricultural activity in India Soil type for Wheat cultivation Wheat can be grown sandy loam to clay soil but best grown on loamy soil. Land preparation Following should be done to prepare the field-           1- cultivate the fallow land 4-5 times before sowing because of following reasons-      to break tke clod of soil      to create the better airation between the soil.      to control the weeds, insects and soil born diseases. 2- use land leveler if required 3- use planker to preserve moisture Sowing Time of wheat in India Most appropriate time of sowing is when the temperature drops to 20-22 0c i.e 2nd fortnight...

16 Nov

Posted at 10:09h in Crop Cultivation
सीताराम देवांगन 11,104 views

भारत के उपोष्णकटिबंधीय क्षेत्रों मे कम सर्द नाशपाती के उत्पादन की प्रौद्योगिकी     Pear, an important fruits of the temperate region, belongs to the family Rosaceae. In India pear cultivation is mainly confined to the temperate Himalayan mountains at 1,700-2,400 m above mean sea level which have ideal conditions to grow a large number of European (Pyrus communisL.) and oriental [P. pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai ] pears. Selection and development of low chill pear cultivars had made it possible to grow pear in subtropical regions of India also. Now pear is cultivated as a commercial crop under the tarai region of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Uttrakhand because these area has a typical subtropical climate with cold winters, necessary for meeting chilling requirement and mild temperature, suitable for flowering and better fruit set.  it is highly nutritious in nature, having 0.7 g protein, 4.0 g fiber, 13.0 mg calcium, 16.0 mg phosphorus, 0.3 mg iron, 20.0 IU vitamin A, 0.02 mg thiamine, 0.04 mg riboflavin, 0.1 mg nicotinic acid and 4.0 mg ascorbic acid per 100 g edible fruit. Soil and climatic requirement for low chill pear : Although under hilly area, pear require about 1200 hours of chilling temperature below 70C for satisfactory flowering and fruiting but a large number of low chill pear cultivars are grown under...

05 Nov

Posted at 06:36h in Crop Cultivation
B. P. Meena 17,411 views

पॉपकार्न : वि‍शेष प्रकार की मक्‍का उगाने की वि‍धि‍  Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the important cereal crop in the world.  In India 49% of corn is used in poultry feed industry, 12% as animal feed and 25% as food in various forms. Diverse types of corns like sweet corn, dent corn, flint corn, pod corn,flour corn, waxy corn and pop corn are grown in India of which pop corn is the only corn that pops. Pop corn type is characterized by a very hard, corneous endosperm containing only a small portion of soft starch. Pop corn is essentially small-kernelled flint type. Pop corn has several grain colours are grown viz., white, yellow, red etc. When kernels of popcorn are heated, they explode and produce large puffed flakes (popping). Once popped, pop corn has two basic shapes: one is snowflake or butterfly, which pops big and is shaped like a cumulus cloud and another is mushroom, which pops into a round ball.  Besides their use as a popular snack, ground pop corn, as flour or grits, can be used in the preparation of many traditional dishes. Isolated planting is not necessary in case of pop corn, since there are no major xenia effects on popping expansion and many pop corns are cross-sterile with...

25 Oct

Posted at 10:16h in Crop Cultivation
हिमाचल मोटघरे 16 views

Maize cultivation: how to मक्का खरीफ ऋतु की फसल है, परन्तु जहां सिचाई के साधन हैं वहां रबी और खरीफ की अगेती फसल के रूप मे मक्‍का की खेती की जा सकती है। मक्का कार्बोहाइड्रेट का बहुत अच्छा स्रोत है। यह एक बहपयोगी फसल है व मनुष्य के साथ- साथ पशुओं के आहार का प्रमुख अवयव भी है तथा औद्योगिक दृष्टिकोण से भी मक्‍का की खेती का महत्वपूर्ण स्थान भी है। चपाती के रूप मे, भुट्टे सेंककर, मधु मक्का को उबालकर, कॉर्नफलेक्स ,पॉपकार्न, लइया के रूप मे आदि के साथ-साथ अब मक्का का उपयोग कार्ड आइल, बायोफयूल के लिए भी होने लगा है। लगभग 65 प्रतिशत मक्का का उपयोग मुर्गी एवं पशु आहार के रूप मे किया जाता है। साथ ही साथ इससे पौष्टिक रूचिकर चारा प्राप्त होता है। भुट्टे काटने के बाद बची हुई कडवी पशुओं को चारे के रूप मे खिलाते हैं। औद्योगिक दृष्टि से मक्का मे प्रोटिनेक्स, चॉक्लेट पेन्ट्स स्याही लोशन स्टार्च कोका-कोला के लिए कॉर्न सिरप आदि बनने लगा है। बेबीकार्न मक्का से प्राप्त होने वाले बिना परागित भुट्टों को ही कहा जाता है। बेबीकार्न का पौष्टिक मूल्य अन्य सब्जियों से अधिक है। जलवायु एवं भूमि:- मक्का उष्ण एवं आर्द जलवायु की फसल है। इसके लिए ऐसी भूमि जहां पानी का निकास अच्छा हो उपयुक्त होती है। खेत की तैयारी :- खेत की तैयारी के लिए...

17 Oct

Posted at 06:43h in Crop Cultivation
Brij Bihari Sharma 72,730 views

भारतीय किसान के लिए बैंगन के उत्पादन प्रौद्योगिकी  Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an important solanaceous crop grown in India.   In India, it is one of the most common, popular and principal vegetable crops grown throughout the country except higher altitudes. It is a versatile crop adapted to different agro-climatic regions. Brinjal can be grown throughout the year. It is a perennial but grown commercially as an annual crop. The varieties of Brinjal display a wide range of fruit shapes and colours, ranging from oval or egg-shaped to long club-shaped; and from white, yellow, green through degrees of purple pigmentation to almost black.  Seedling raising: Nursery Bed Preparation : Brinjal seeds are sown on nursery beds to raise seedlings for transplanting in the field. Raised beds are necessary to avoid problem of water logging in heavy soils. In sandy soils, however, sowing can be taken up in flat beds. Raised beds of size 7.2 x 1.2 m and 10-15 cm in height are prepared. Thus, ten such beds are sufficient to raise seedlings for planting one hectare area. About 70cm distance is kept between two beds to carry out operations of watering, weeding, etc. The surface of beds should be smooth and well levelled. Well-decomposed FYM or leaf mould may be mixed with the...

17 Oct

Posted at 06:20h in Crop Cultivation
Jyoti Kanwar 79,901 views

कि‍न्‍नू (सि‍ट्रस फल) उगाने की वि‍धि‍ In India, citrus fruits ranks third in production after banana and mango. Among citrus crops, mandarin orange (Kinnow mandarin, Nagpur, Khasi, Darjling) covers largest area followed by sweet orange (Musambi, Pineapple, Blood Red and Jaffa) and Acid lime. Among these, Kinnow mandarin bears highest place in production, productivity, juice content and fruit quality. In India, Kinnow is being grown in Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Utter Pradesh. The interest of farmers in adoption of Kinnow cultivation is increasing day by day due to suitable agro-climatic conditions, higher crop yield and demand in international market. Nutrient Status of Kinnow Table 1: Nutrients available in kinnow Physiochemical Quantity/100 gm  Average Vitamin C (mg/100ml juice) 31.0 Calcium (mg/ 100 ml) 40.0 Iron (mg/ 100 ml) 0.4 Phosphorus (mg/ 100 ml) 18.0 Average TSS (%) 11.5 Average Acidity (%) 0.9 Average TSS/acid ratio 12.0 – 14.0 : 1   Cultivation Technology of Kinnow: Propagation of kinnow The propagation of mandarin orange is largely through seed, except the `Nagpur’ and `Emperor’ varieties, which are propagted by budding. Like other citrus species, the seed is polyembryonic. Therefore, while propagating by seed, the sexual seedlings, which are usually stunted, and poor are rogued out and the rest that are produced from the cells of the nucellus are allowed to grow. The seedlings, thus selected, are more or less uniform in growth...

19 Sep

Posted at 10:34h in Crop Cultivation
Dr. Satya Narayan Choudhary 93,516 views

डच रोज कट फलावर की खेती कैसे करें। Floriculture is just like a fashion industry. Cultivation of cut flowers Rose, Gerbera, Carnation is profitable crop for farmers. Selection of right variety of flowers is an important tool in commercial floriculture. Battles in the international flower market can be won with producing quality of flowers, strong marketing & financial assistance so a grower should be very careful about selection of varieties.  Climatic requirement of Cut flowers:   Name of crop Commercial life cycle(Yrs) Day (0c) Night (0c) Humidity (%) Light intensity (Lux) Co2 Conc.(ppm) Rose 6.5 – 7 24-28 18.5-20 65-70 60000-70000 800-1000 Gerbera 2.5 -3  20-24 18-21 60-65 40000-50000 800-1000 Carnation 2 – 2.5 16-20 10-12 60-65 40000-50000 800-1000   Selection of cultivar: Sustainable to tropical climate: The varieties selected should be suitable for growing in tropical condition and it should have mainly excellent quality production.   Production and stem length: The varieties selected should be resistant to disease and pest. A grower should select high yielding variety in combination with high market demand and mainly varieties which have longer stem length. Colour percentage: In general roses of different colours such as red, yellow, pink, orange, white, bicolour etc are grown & sold in market. The red coloured flowers are highly preferable in markets. It is recommended to have the following mix of colors.      Colour Percentage Red 40 % Yellow 20 % Pink 20 % Orange 10 % White 10 % Steps in plantation of cut flowers (Rose, Gerbera, Carnation): Remove pebbles from the bed before plantation. Adequate moisture must be available in...