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KrishiSewa - Agriculture Knowledge for Indian Farmers

Crop Cultivation

10 May

Posted at 09:13h in Crop Cultivation
Satisha Jogaiah 13,625 views

अंगूर की उत्पादकता में सुधार कैसे करें। Among all the horticultural crops, grapes have received a special importance in view of its value addition into raisins. Wine grape area is around 3000 ha and production is estimated about 30000 MT with a productivity of 10MT/ha and wine production is estimated at 15 million liters from this production. Major area in the country is spread in the states of Maharashtra (to the extent of 75 to 80 percent in Nasik, Sangli, Solapur, Satara, Pune and Latur districts) followed by Karnataka (Bijapur, Bangalore, Belgaum, Gulbarga, Raichur districts), Andhra Pradesh (Hyderabad and Ranga Reddy districts) and Tamil Nadu (Theni, Coimbatore and Madurai districts) and small parts in North India states (Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Lashmir) and East and North East states (West Bengal and Mizoram). In India grape is grown from tropical, subtropical to temperate climate. The major problems faced in tropical region are, ever growing of vines without rest period (dormancy) which is contrary to the scenario in temperate regions. Due to continuous growth and the warm and humid climate, the incidence of insect pests and diseases is more and the requirement of inputs viz., pesticides, manures and fertilizers, growth regulators and labor is almost double as compared to temperate countries. Further,...

10 May

Posted at 08:56h in Crop Cultivation
Dr. J. Satisha 6,812 views

केनोपी की शुक्ष्म जलवायु का अंगूर और वाईन की गुणवत्ता पर प्रभाव Many of the earlier observations among several viticulture scientists all over the world indicated a strong effect of climate on both yield and quality of grapes. To fully understand these effects, we need to differentiate between three levels of the climate based on the ideas of the famous German climatologist, Geiger. Macroclimate (Regional climate): This is the climate of a particular region, and a weather stations located in that region usually describe the general pattern of the macroclimate. Mesoclimate (Site climate): The mesoclimate of a particular vineyard varies from macroclimate of region because of differences in elevation, slope, aspect or distance from moderating factors like lakes or oceans. Mesoclimate can be very important for success of vineyard especially where climatic factors are limiting. Microclimate (Canopy climate): It is the climate within and immediately surrounding the vine canopy. Measurement of climate shows differences between and within canopy values and those immediately above it. Microclimate differences can occur over a few centimeters also. Important microclimatic factors Some of the important microclimatic factors, which determine the grape quality, are temperature prevailing in the climate, sunlight (both quality and quantity), humidity, wind speed and evaporation. Although most of these factors major role in producing good quality grapes (for table purpose) and...

30 Apr

Posted at 08:58h in Crop Cultivation
Akath Singh 41,172 views

अधि‍क कमाई के लिए स्ट्राबेरी की खेती Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is one of the best natural sources of antioxidant, vitamin 'C', proteins and minerals like P, K, Ca and Fe. It is also anticarcinogenic and anti diabetic. The introduction of day neutral cultivars, fertigation, green house, standardization of agro-techniques and improved storage techniques has revolutionized the strawberry industry. Soil and climate to grow Strawberry Strawberry prefers soil reasonably rich in humus because of 70-90 % of its roots found in the top 15 cm soil. Strawberry should not be grown continuously on the same land and on the land previously devoted to potato, tomato, eggplant, pepper and raspberry. It grows well on soil with pH 5.0-7.5. However, the plant thrives best in slightly acidic soil (pH 5.5-6.5). Soil with pH value of 4.5-5.5 needs liming. The strawberry plants are strongly affected by the environmental parameters like temperature, photoperiod and light intensity. In cold climate, frost as well as winter injury seriously reduce yield of strawberry. Photoperiod has a marked effect on strawberry vegetative growth, plant morphology and yield. Suitable Varieties of strawberry  Growers should grow varieties which are resistant to pests and diseases, adapted to the desired climate, remain productive over a long period, high yield and ability to retain size after the 3rd picking,...

30 Apr

Posted at 07:28h in Crop Cultivation
Sharvari Patil 13,768 views

कृषि विकास के लिए संभावित फसलें - मक्का और सोयाबीन India is an agrarian country and agriculture is considered as a base of Indian economy. Around 67% of Indian population is directly or indirectly dependant on agriculture . The Country has diverse range of geographic and climatic conditions suitable for cultivating wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops. Due to globalization, competition is increased across the globe in both food as well as non food industry segments. The industry segment has to adapt economically sustaining operations right from raw material purchasing to selling the product at end market. In processed food products palatability, convenience, quality factors are becoming equally important along with price factor. Even with the spectacular increase during the recent years in production of the finer cereals i.e., rice, wheat or also of jowar coarse grain, there is no problem of surplus of maize. It is, therefore, inferred that, with the increasing demand for food grains from growing population, maize will hold its share as an important cereal food grain. Similarly Soybean is considered as one of the important commercial crops besides rice, Wheat, Barley and millets. In India Soybean is second largest oil seed crop after ground nut and mainly utilized for edible oil and soy meal production.This paper will...

30 Apr

Posted at 07:18h in Crop Cultivation
शिल्पी वर्मा 14,294 views

Vegetable garden: Need of the time अच्छे स्वास्थ्य के लिए दैनिक आहार में संतुलित पोषण का होना अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है। फल एवं सब्जियाँ इसी संतुलन को बनाए रखने में अपना महत्वपूर्ण योगदान देते है क्योंकि ये विटामिन, खनिज लवण तथा कार्बोज के अच्छे स्रोत होते हैं। फिर भी ये जरुरी हैं कि इन फल एवं सब्जियों की नियमित उपलब्धता बनी रहे. इसके लिए घर के पिछवाडें मे पडी जमीन पर खेती करना बहुत ही लाभदायक उपाय हैं। पोषाहार विशेषज्ञों के अनुसार संतुलित भोजन के लिए एक वयस्क व्यक्ति को प्रतिदिन ८५ ग्राम फल और ३०० ग्राम साग-सब्जियों का सेवन करना चाहिए। परन्तु हमारे देश में साग-सब्जियों का वर्त्तमान उत्पादन स्तर प्रतिदिन, प्रतिव्यक्ति की खपत के हिसाब से मात्र १२० ग्राम है। सब्जी बगीचा उपलब्ध स्वच्छ जल के साथ रसोईघर एवं स्नानघर से निकले पानी का उपयोग कर घर के पिछवाड़े में उपयोगी साग-सब्जी उगाने की योजना बना सकते हैं।  एकत्रित अनुपयोगी जल का निष्पादन हो सकेगा और उससे होने वाले प्रदूषण से भी मुक्ति मिल जाएगी। सीमित क्षेत्र में साग-सब्जी उगाने से घरेलू आवश्यकता की पूर्ति भी हो सकेगी।  सब्जी उत्पादन में रासायनिक पदार्थों का उपयोग करने की जरूरत भी नहीं होगी।  अतः यह एक सुरक्षित पद्धति है तथा उत्पादित साग-सब्जी कीटनाशक दवाईयों से भी मुक्त होंगी। सब्जी बगीचा के लिए स्थल सब्जी बगीचा के लिए स्थल घर का...

27 Apr

Posted at 10:34h in Crop Cultivation
D K Gogoi 20,409 views

सिल्‍क कीट के मेजबान पौधे अरण्डी की खेती  Northeastern region of India is rich in diversity of sericigenous insects and their host plants, out of which, four types namely Muga (Antheraea assamensis), Eri (Samia ricini), Oak tasar (Antheraea proylei) and Mulberry (Bombyx mori) silkworm have been commercially exploited for silk production.  The Eri silkworm is multivoltine and polyphagous sericin producing insects. Eri culture is a traditional agro-based small scale industry, primarily practiced to meet the partial need of warm clothing. Moreover, eri pupae are popular as delicacy among the tribal people of this region. Proximate analysis of pupa showed that it contains 55-60% protein, 25-30% lipid, 4.96% fiber, and other substances, e.g. hormones, trace elements and vitamins, thus indicating that it could be a good protein source-for various purposes (Sharma, 2010). Eri silkworm significantly contributes to the Indian commercial silk production which is mostly confined to the Brahmaputra valley of Assam in the tribal inhabited districts. Approximately, 1.3 lakh families with plantation area of 26000 hectares are involved in ericuluture in northeastern region of this country. Annual production of eri raw silk has significantly increased from 974 MT in 1999-2000 to 2460.50 MT in 2009-10. It is also practiced in few districts of the neighbouring states mainly Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh....

20 Apr

Posted at 10:47h in Crop Cultivation
Rakesh Choudhary 15,450 views

सिलेज (कुटटी) और सूखी घास के रूप में चारा संरक्षण करना Crop production is concerned with the utilization of plant morphological and physiological responses within an agro-climatic environment to produce maximum yield per unit area and time. Year-round forage production through combination of perennial and annual forages. Overlapping cropping systems developed at the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (IGFRI), Jhansi, to fulfill the needs of dairy farmers for green fodder throughout the year and for small farmers requiring maximum forage from a piece of land. It consists of raising berseem, inter-planted with hybrid Napier in spring and intercropping the inter-row spaces of the grass with cowpea during summer after the final harvest of berseem. This system was found superior to multiple crop sequences both in terms of production and economic returns. The hybrid Napier could be successfully replaced with relatively soft and palatable perennial grasses like Setaria and guinea grass and berseem with lucerne wherever required. Fodder crops are the plant species that are cultivated and harvested for feeding the animals in the form of forage (cut green and fed fresh), silage (preserved under anaerobic condition) and hay (dehydrated green fodder). The total area under cultivated fodders is 8.3 million ha on individual crop basis. Sorghum amongst the kharif crops (2.6...

15 Apr

Posted at 08:55h in Crop Cultivation
Rashmi Gauraha 155,254 views

Advance Technique of Papaya cultivation पपीता सबसे कम समय में फल देने वाला पेड है इसलिए कोई भी इसे लगाना पसंद करता है, पपीता न केवल सरलता से उगाया जाने वाला फल है, बल्कि जल्‍दी लाभ देने वाला फल भी है, यह स्‍वास्‍थवर्धक तथा लोक प्रिय है, इसी से इसे अमृत घट भी कहा जाता है, पपीता में कई पाचक इन्‍जाइम भी पाये जाते है तथा इसके ताजे फलों को सेवन करने से लम्‍बी कब्‍जियत की बिमारी भी दूर की जा सकती है। पपीते की खेती के लि‍ए जलवायु :- पपीते की अच्‍छी खेती गर्म नमी युक्‍त जलवायु में की जा सकती है। इसे अधिकतम 38 डिग्री सेल्सियस 44 डिग्री सेल्सियस तक तापमान होने पर उगाया जा सकता है, न्‍यूनतम 5 डिग्री सेल्सियस से कम नही होना चाहिए लू तथा पाले से पपीते को बहुत नुकसान होता है। इनसे बचने के लिए खेत के उत्‍तरी पश्चिम में हवा रोधक वृक्ष लगाना चाहिए पाला पडने की आशंका हो तो खेत में रात्रि के अंतिम पहर में धुंआ करके एवं सिचाई भी करते रहना चाहिए। पपीते की खेती के लि‍ए भूमि :- जमीन उपजाऊ हो तथा जिसमें जल निकास अच्‍छा हो तो पपीते की खेती उत्‍तम होती है, जिस खेत में पानी भरा हो उस खेत में पपीता कदापि नही लगाना चाहिए। क्‍योकि पानी भरे रहने से...