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Crop Cultivation

30 Jan

Posted at 06:58h in Crop Cultivation
डॉ. सन्दीप कुमार शर्मा 30,297 views

Growing Sweet Corn to earn more profit स्वीट कॉर्न एक विशेष प्रकार की मक्का है जो कि अधिक मीठी होती हैं। इसलिए इसे स्वीट कॉर्न (मीठी मक्का) कहते हैं। इस मक्का को दूधिया अवस्था में ही तोड़कर काम लिया जाता हैं। स्वीट कॉर्न की खेती वर्ष भर की जा सकती हैं। ये फसल कम समय में तैयार हो जाती हैं। अत: इससे कम समय में अधिक लाभ कमाया जा सकता हैं। स्वीट कॉर्न की अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय बाजार में अधिक माँग होने के कारण डिब्बाबन्दी करके निर्यात भी किया जा सकता हैं। शहर के आसपास के क्षेत्रों में स्वीट कॉर्न की खेती अधिक लाभकारी हैं।  स्वीट कॉर्र्न उगाने की विधि खेत का चुनाव व तैयारी: रेतीली दोमट से चिकनी दोमट मिट्टी जिसमें जल निकास की उचित व्यवस्था हो उत्ताम रहती हैं। लवणीय व क्षारीय भूमि इसके लिए उपयुक्त नहीं होती हैं। एक जुताई मिट्टी पलटने वाले हल से करके 2-3 जुताई देशी हल या कल्टीवेटर से करनी चाहिये तत्पश्चात् पाटा लगाकर खेत को समतल कर लें। अंतिम जुताई के समय 18-20 गाड़ी गोबर की खाद प्रति हैक्टेयर भूमि में मिला दें।  किस्मों का चयन : मक्का की संकुल किस्म, माधुरी के भुट्टे 55 से 60 दिन में तोड़े जाते हैं। इसके दानो का रंग पीला होता हैं। इसकी खेती रबी या जायद मौसम में की जाती हैं। इसके अलावा प्रिया, अल्मोडा...

11 Jan

Posted at 10:48h in Crop Cultivation
Rohini,N. 13,767 views

गुुगल उगानें की विस्‍तृत जानकारी  Guggal or Indian bdellium, is a large spinescent shrub to a small tree, inhabiting drier parts of western India. Guggal cultivation is done mainly in  Rajasthan and Gujarat. Its gum-resin is used in Ayurvedic medicines as a remedy to reduce cholesterol content in blood. It has also utility in treatment of arthritis and obesity.  A large plantation of guggal exist in Ajmer district of Rajasthan. Description of Guggal Plant The plant is a woody shrub with knotty, crooked, sping brown bracties, leaves 1-3 foliate leaf lets, sessile with serrated margin. Flowers are pinkish unisexual. Fruit is drops red, ovate with two celled stone. The ash coloured bark comes off in flakes exposing the under bark which also peels off in thin papery tolls. The shrub defoliates in winter and reserves for guggul gum extraction is high during April-May. Climate and Soil for guggal cultivation It usually occurs in hills and piedomonts, but it can be grown in warm and semi and regions on hill tops, preferring hard, rocky soils of North West India. It is also considered as a drought aria salinity resistant plant. It prefers loams to sandy loam soils with pH ranging between 7.5 to. 9.0. Soils are coarse textured, well drained and calcarious soils are generally poor...

08 Jan

Posted at 06:01h in Crop Cultivation
Om Prakash Gupta 7,738 views

पोषक तत्वों की गुणवत्ता बनाए रखने के लिए गेहूं कटाई की उपयुक्‍त अवस्‍था  The nutritional value of wheat is extremely important as it is the second most important staple food crop of India. The importance of wheat is mainly due to the fact that its grain can be ground into flour, semolina, etc., which form the basic ingredients of bread and other bakery products, as well as pastas, and thus it presents the main source of nutrients to the most of the world population. These end products of wheat are mainly dependent up on the nutritional quality of the wheat grains. The wheat grain (Fig. 1) contains 2-3% germ, 13-17% bran and 80-85% mealy endosperm. The wheat bran, is mainly rich in fiber (53%), vitamin B complex and minerals which are lost from the starchy endosperm during the first stage of milling. The endosperm mainly contains energy-yielding starch. The germ lies at one end of the grain which is rich in proteins (25%) and lipids (8-13%). The detailed nutritional profile of wheat is given in the table 1. Wheat is grown every where in India. It is of prime importance to preserve the nutritional quality of wheat grain by selecting proper stage of harvesting wheat.   Fig 1:The structure and nutritional composition of wheat grain  Nutrient Availability Carbohydrate 1. Total carbohydrate 72.5 g 2. Dietary...

07 Jan

Posted at 05:23h in Crop Cultivation
30,979 views

चौलाई का उत्पादन प्रौद्योगिकी   Amaranthus (चौलाई) is a primarily used as a pot herb. It is a most common leafy vegetable grown during summer and rainy season in India. The fresh tender leaves and stem give delicious preparation on cooking. It belongs to the family Amarantaceae. Most of the amaranthus species are originated in India or Indo-China region. Among the leafy types A.tricolour L. is the main cultivated species in India.  Other cultivated species of amaranthus are A. blitum and A. tristis it is more popular in south India. Climate and Soil for amaranthus cultivation Amaranthus is a warm season crop adapted to the conditions of hot, humid tropics. However, it can also be grown under temperate climate during summer. It belongs to C-4 group of plants and has efficient photosynthetic abilities and responds best to full sunlight, Amaranthus grows in every type of soil but the best crop is harvested from fertile loamy soils. The proper drainage system in the field is necessary as the crop is susceptible to water logging. The best soil pH range is between 5.5 and 7.5 but some of the strains are successfully grown in soils with the pH up to 10. The soil should be brought to a fine tilth by ploughing 3-4 times followed by planking. Varieties...

04 Jan

Posted at 09:27h in Crop Cultivation
Chanchala Rani Patel 8,540 views

सूरजमुखी: सूखा प्रवण क्षेत्रों के लिए पसंद की वाणिज्यिक फसल   Sunflower is one of the important crops in India's oil seed production that has contributed to rapid growth in oilseed production during late eighties and early 1990s. Sunflower is the oil of preference among the consumers' world over due to its health appeal. Sunflower is also a crop of choice for farmers due to its wider adaptability, high yield potential, shorter duration and profitability. Sunflower also scores favourably against the traditional cultivated crops like rabi Jowar, Bajra, Castor and Pulses during the late Kharif/early rabi season due to following advantages. Short duration (80-115 days) Suitability to grow in rainfed conditions. The areas of Rayalseema, Marathwada and Karnataka are mainly rainfed and hence the drought tolerant capabilities of some hybirds like PAC-36 of Advanta India do provide the farmers in these areas with a better option. Ability to perform in diverse agro-climatic and soil conditions. The incidence of pests and diseases on Sunflower crop is also easily manageable with timely preventive and curative measures. The only major investment the farmer makes is the cost of hybrid seed. Sunflower, being a commercial crop, offers attractive price for the produce and the economics of the crop is highly profitable compared to other crops in similar maturity groups. The farmers...

24 Dec

Posted at 07:03h in Crop Cultivation
Manoj Kundu 21,420 views

सिंघाड़ा के उत्पादन प्रौद्योगिकी Water chestnut (Trapa natans) is one of the most important minor fruit crops grown in India. It is an aquatic nut crop grown mainly in the tropical and sub-tropical region, as submersed plant community. It also thrives in the soft nutrient rich waters in lakes, ponds and streams with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH. The plant is well adapted to life at the water’s edge and prospers even when stranded along muddy shores. In India, it is most commonly used as edible nut. The kernel of water chestnut contains a large amount of protein (up to 20%), starch (52%), tannins (9.4%), fat (up to 1%), sugar (3%), minerals, etc. It is also a good source of fibre and vitamin B along with Ca, K, Fe and Zn. Varieties of chestnut: No standard variety of water chestnut is released till now. But nuts with different husk colour like green, red or purple and a blending of red and green colour are recognized. Kanpuri, Jaunpuri, Desi Large, Desi Small etc. are the names of some types of water chestnuts referred to the growers in West Bengal and other parts of eastern India. Propagation of chestnut: Propagation of the plant is commercially done by seeds. The fully mature nuts are placed in container with...

24 Dec

Posted at 04:54h in Crop Cultivation
सतपाल बलौदा 9,922 views

High density or Intensive farming of Fruit trees भारतवर्ष में जनसंख्या वृध्दि के साथ साथ फल उत्पादन भी बढ़ रहा है, लेकिन फल उत्पादन में द्वितीय स्थान होने के बावजूद भी प्रति व्यक्ति फलों की उपलब्धता केवल 80 ग्राम प्रतिदिन है। प्रति व्यक्ति फलों की उपलब्धता को बढ़ाने के लिए क्षेत्रफल का बढ़ाना बहुत ही मुश्किल काम है लेकिन फल उत्पादन को हम निम्न तरीके से बढ़ा सकते हैं जैसे अधिक उपज वाली किस्में लगाकर, समय के साथ कटाई, छंटाई व अन्य, फल वृक्षों की रोग तथा किटाणुओं के प्रति प्रबन्धन तथा सघन खेती से भी हम फल उत्पादन बढ़ा सकते हैं। सघन खेती से हमारा अभिप्राय किसी क्षेत्र में फल वृक्षों की संख्या बढ़ाना है जिससे हमें अधिक फल उत्पादन मिल सके। सघन खेती में फल वृक्ष की शाखाओं का क्षेत्र कम करते हैं क्योंकि फल वृक्षों में मुख्यत: बाहरी एक मीटर तक की शाखाओं पर ही फल आते हैं। फल वृक्षों में टहनियों का धन्तव ज्यादा होने के कारण एक मीटर से अन्दर का बहुत क्षेत्र फल रहित रह जाता हैं क्योंकि वृक्ष के अन्दर वाले क्षेत्र में सूर्य की किरणें नहीं पहुंच पाती। इसलिए छोटे वृक्षों में फल उत्पादित क्षेत्र ज्यादा होता है। सघन खेती के लिए ध्यान रखने योग्य बातें छोटी किस्म के फल वृक्षों को लगाना चाहिए फल वृक्षों में कम वृद्वि होनी...

18 Dec

Posted at 11:48h in Crop Cultivation
DINESH SAH1 AND VISHRAM RAM2 15,869 views

भारत के पूर्वोत्तर पर्वतीय क्षेत्र में बेबी कॉर्न की खेती। Maize had been cultivated for grain and fodder purpose. It is used both as food for human and feed for livestock especially in poultry industries. It is the third most important cereal crop next to rice and wheat in India and also a predominant cereal in global agricultural economy. It has got immense yield potential and is therefore called as “miracle crop” and also “queen of cereals”. Maize being a C4 plant is an efficient convertor of nutrients into food. In the recent years, baby corn maize has gained popularity as valued vegetable throughout the world including in India. Cobs removed within 3-5 days after their emergence are called baby corns. Cultivation practices of baby corn are similar to that recommended for normal corn production with only exception is the duration of the crop, which is approximate 60 days as compared as 110-120 days in case of grain crop. It can be eaten raw and included in diet in number of ways as salad, chutney, vegetables, pickles, kheer, Chinese preparation, in preparation of spicy foods, soups, pulav etc. Baby corn ears can be canned in two per cent brine solution. Pickles and canned baby corn ears have great potential for export in...