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28 Mar

Posted at 06:32h in Miscellaneous
प्रविण पानीग्राही एवं प्रिती सिंह 3,618 views

Azolla: An awesome and amazing Plant अजोला  तेजी से बढ़ने वाली एक प्रकार की जलीय फर्न है, जो  पानी की सतह पर तैरती रहती है। धान की फसल में नील हरित काई की तरह अजोला को भी हरी खाद के रूप में उगाया जाता है और कई बार यह खेत में प्राकर्तिक रूप से भी उग जाता है। इस हरी खाद से भूमि की उर्वरा शक्ति बढ़ती है और उत्पादन में भी आशातीत बढ़ोत्तरी होती है।   एजोला की सतह पर नील हरित शैवाल सहजैविक के  रूप में विध्यमान होता है। इस नील हरित शैवाल को  एनाबिना एजोली के  नाम से जाना जाता है जो  कि वातावरण से नत्रजन के  स्थायीकरण के  लिए उत्तरदायी रहता है। एजोला शैवाल की वृद्धि के  लिए आवश्यक कार्बन स्त्रोत  एवं वातावरण प्रदाय करता है । इस प्रकार यह अद्वितीय पारस्परिक सहजैविक संबंध अजोला को  एक अदभुद पौधे के  रूप में विकसित करता है, जिसमें कि उच्च मात्रा में प्रोटीन उपलब्ध होता है।  प्राकृतिक रूप से यह उष्ण व गर्म उष्ण कटिबंधीय क्षेत्रों में पाया जाता है। देखने में यह शैवाल से मिलती जुलती है और  आमतौर पर उथले पानी में अथवा धान के  खेत में पाई जाती है। पशुओं को अजोला चारा खिलाने के लाभ अजोला सस्ता, सुपाच्य एवं पौष्टिक पूरक पशु आहार है। इसे खिलाने से वसा व वसा...

30 Jan

Posted at 09:50h in Miscellaneous
Hiralal Jana 3,339 views

एकीकृत कृषि: समय की आवश्यकता Multi-purpose farming (MPF) is a concept where various farmings are integrated to meet the requirements of family life. Due to increased population, urbanization and industrialization, agricultural land holding are decreasing day by day. There has been great demand of food grains and daily needs nowadays. Therefore, there is need to adopt such farming system in which farmer can earn handsome profit with their limited resources and recycle resources for enhanced profit margin. Adoption of fish farming based integrated agriculture and animal husbandry practices would serve the above purpose of farmers.  Area for MPF:- One hectare of area is considered a standard size of farm to introduce different enterprises, simultaneously. Less than one acre of land is not so suitable for the present concept of farming. Though, according to availability of land and socio-economic condition, each farmer can modify the farming pattern according to their suitability.  A square or rectangular field, four sides bund should be given. The bunds’ width will be 2.5m minimum. Table-1: Distribution of area for various set up Sl. Particulars Area Sl. Particulars Area 1 House 25mX25m=625 m2 7 Paddy  straw  stack (4X1.5)m2=6m2 2 Cowshed 20mX20m=400 m2 8 Bund (3)  (74mX2.5m=185m2-6m2)=179 m2 3 Poultry shed  10mX10m=100 m2 9 Bund(4)  55mX2.5m=137.5 m2 4 Compost pit  6mX6m=36 m2 10 Pond area  4072 m2 5 Bund (1)  65mX2.5m=162.5 m2 11 Paddy  field  4072 m2 6 Bund(2)  84mX2.5m=210 m2   Total area 10000 m2 =1 hectare Multipurpose farming method:- For healthy life, food items are necessary for maintaining nutritional status of body. The foods are...

01 Dec

Posted at 09:31h in Miscellaneous
Jugal K. Malav 3,574 views

धान की उपज में वृद्धि के लिए सिलिकॉन का महत्व Silicon (Si) is next to oxygen (O) in quantity on earth’s crust. Silicon in combination with oxygen forms silicon dioxide (SiO2) which is also known as silica. About 87% of the earth’s surface is made up of silica. There are 200 over types of silicate rocks in nature. These include quartz and mica. The white mica is made up of silicon, potassium and aluminum whereas the black mica contains iron and magnesium. The original soil minerals are predominantly silicate compounds. The silicon in sand, silt, and clay is extremely insoluble and difficult to be absorbed by plant. However, under the reaction of soil microorganism and a process called hydration, a small portion of silicon in the form of silicic acids (H4SiO4) is weakly soluble and thus become available to plants. Differential Absorption of Silicon by Rice Plants Plants vary in their ability to absorb silicon. Plants that can absorb and accumulate silicon in their tissues are known as silicon accumulators. These plants can accumulate up to 4-7% of silicon in their foliage. In contrary, the silicon non-accumulators can only absorb and store 0.5-1.5% of silicon. In general, dicot plants contain low quantity of silicon. Rice exhibits the greatest uptake of silicic acid in the grass family....

20 Nov

Posted at 08:58h in Miscellaneous
Uthappa A. R 3,544 views

वृक्ष बीमा: भारत में एक नई पहल Agriculture production and farm incomes in India are frequently affected by natural disasters such as droughts, floods, cyclones, storms, landslides and earthquakes. Susceptibility of agriculture to these disasters is compounded by the outbreak of epidemics and man made disasters such as fire, sale of spurious seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, price crashes etc. To overcome these uncontrollable factors, agriculture insurance came to life. Agricultural Insurance is a means of protecting the  agriculturist against financial losses due to uncertainties that may arise agricultural losses  arising from named or all unforeseen risks beyond their control (AIC, 2008). In this ever changing era of climate change, everything has become uncertain. To fight/adapt to these climate related vagaries, scientists are advocating to adopt climate smart agricultural (CSA) practices. One of the best CSA practice considered is agroforestry, a sustainable land use system wherein farmers grow agricultural crops along with certain tree species either simultaneously or in some spatial pattern. Agroforestry plays a vital role in the Indian economy by way of tangible and intangible benefits.At present agroforestry meets almost half of the demand of fuel wood,two thirds of the small timber, 70–80%wood for plywood, 60% of raw material for paper pulp and 9–11% of the green fodder requirement of livestock, besides meeting the...

16 Nov

Posted at 10:07h in Miscellaneous
Dr. A.G.Rajalakshmi 2,163 views

अनुवांशिक रूप से संशोधित फसलों का पता लगाने के लिए पार्श्व प्रवाह इम्यूनोएसे The development technologies in genetic engineering give rise to genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Genetically modified (GM) crops have become a reality in agriculture, food and feed market. Genetic engineering includes – insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, drought and salt tolerance, improved colors in fiber and flower crops, resistance to water logging and  longer shelf-life. The genetically modified (gm) crops have contributed to the successful incorporation of different traits by introducing transgenes such as bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal genes (cry1ab, cry1ac, cry1f, cry2ab, cry3a, vip3), herbicide tolerant genes  (cp4epsps, bar, pat, als), virus resistant (cp, prsv-cp, rep, hel), delayed ripening genes (sam-k, acc, pg), genes for color modification. B. thuringiensis and Cry protein toxins are efficient, safe and sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides for the control of insect pests. The toxicity of the Cry proteins have traditionally been explained by the formation of trans membrane pores or ion channels that lead to osmotic cell lysis. The protein targetsthe major pests of cotton, tobacco, tomato, potato, corn, maize and rice.Mode of action of the crystal toxin on susceptible larvae involves ingestion of the crystalspore cell complex solubilization on th e midgut by the alkaline pH processing of the 51 and 42-kDa proteins to 43 and 39-kDa proteins binding of toxin proteins to cells of the gastric cecum and posterior midgut exertion of a toxic effect GM crops...

06 Nov

Posted at 05:05h in Miscellaneous
Manjunatha, N 1,994 views

प्रमुख चारा फसलों मे में जीवों के फायदेमंद संघ The main constraints for productivity of fodder crops are lack of availability of soil nutrients, quality seeds and various pests and diseases. These constraints not only influence on the productivity, but also quality of fodder. Resource poor farmers often cultivate forage on low productive soils to make use of the idle land and do not apply the required quantity of nutrients. Such farmers have several options to boost crop yields by applying low cost inputs such as soil amendments, organic manure and bio-fertilisers. Unfortunately, most of them do not bother to apply biofertilisers and soil amendments due to their ignorance and difficulty in procuring them. Even some farmers using pesticides in cultivated fodder crops to control pests and diseases. Extensive use of chemicals is non-economical and may cause the problems of environmental pollution and health hazards in livestock. In this regard, creating awareness on natural resources and their beneficial association in fodder production is very important aspect for the quality production of fodder. Therefore this article we emphasizing the direct or indirect role of beneficial association of pollinators, soil arthropods and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in major forage crops 1. Role of Pollinators in forage crops In fodder insects play important role in the pollination of many plants...

26 Oct

Posted at 09:07h in Miscellaneous
Hiralal Jana 6,020 views

जलकुंभी: कृषि के लिए एक गंभीर खतरा Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a free floating perennial aquatic plant, native to South America.  Water hyacinth is a popular water garden plant because of the beauty of its large, purple to violet flowers and its interesting floating vegetation. Many plant nurseries and big box stores sell it as an ornamental pond plant. Later it was seen that the plant is basically a very aggressive invader which can form thick mats on water surface. Gradually, it is known that among the aquatic plants, water hyacinth is the worst aquatic plant in the world. It becomes a fierce competition with other micro flora and fauna in the aquatic ecosystem for light, space, nutrients and water. Now, water hyacinth is the most predominant, persistent and troublesome weed in India. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a perennial aquatic macrophyte belongs to the family Pontederiaceae and its name Eichhornia was derived from well known Prussian politician J.A. F. Eichhornia.  Identification of Water hyacinth Following are the points by which it is possible to identify the plant. A mass of fine roots hang in the water underneath the plant. The leaf stalk is thick and spongy and helps to keep the plant buoyant. They are floating plants with round to oval; shiny green leaves up to ten...

21 Oct

Posted at 06:39h in Miscellaneous
Ashim Datta 3,636 views

दार्जिलिंग हिमालय क्षेत्र में कृष्‍णा फलों का विश्लेषण Passion fruit (कृष्‍णा फल), a high value foreign exchange earning fruit crop rich in appreciable quantities of vitamin A, B, C with medicinal value, is mostly grown at an altitude of 800-1500 m above mean sea level. The cultivation of passion fruit is mostly restricted to few of the North Eastern states and hilly regions of South India. It has a very good scope of commercial cultivation in the Darjeeling Himalayan Regions of West Bengal particularly Kalimpong and Kurseong subdivisions. This will help the small farmers to improve their economic condition that ultimately leads to overall prosperity of this region.  Darjeeling Krishi Vigyan Kendra will provide the necessary training in technical aspects of passion fruit cultivation by conducting trials at their experimental fields as well as adopted villages. Passion fruit, a native of Brazil is a high value nutritious foreign exchange earning fruit crop having high medicinal importance. Of about 500 species of Passiflora in the family Passifloraceae, only one species i.e. Passiflora edulis Sims, has the exclusive designation of passion fruit, preferably seen growing at an altitude of 800-1500 m above sea level. Within this species, there are two distinct forms, the standard yellow (Passiflora edulis f. Flavicarpa Deg.) and the purple (Passiflora edulis f. edulis). It is...