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Crop Cultivation

24 Jan

Posted at 09:10h in Crop Cultivation
Swati Sharma,  Sushma Pawar, Satish Kumar, Umesh Kamble, Amit Kumar Sharma CN Mishra* and Gyanendra Singh 21 views

नैनोटेक्नोलॉजी: कृषि फसलों में फसल सुधार का एक आधुनिक दृष्टिकोण Nanofertilizers in agriculture aid in enhancing plant growth. The results of cutting-edge nanobiotechnological research include nanopesticides, nanoinsecticides, nanofungicides, and nanoherbicides, which are used to manage weeds in fields . Nanoparticles are being used in agriculture for crop improvement in various crops in various crops. नैनोटेक्नोलॉजी: कृषि फसलों में फसल सुधार का एक आधुनिक दृष्टिकोण More than two thirds of the Indian population depends on agriculture for their livelihood, which has probably an impact on the Indian economy. But the Indian agricultural system was not as robust as it is now, either before or after independence.   Green Revolution, which employed some contemporary farming techniques, was the main success story of Indian agriculture. Before the Green Revolution, the country frequently experienced hunger and severe food shortages, and now we find ourselves confronted with the issue of overabundance. Since the atmosphere in India varies throughout the year, a wide variety of crops are grown there, with rice and wheat serving as the country's two main food staples. Additionally, grains, pulses, tubers, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, tea, coffee, rubber, and jute are grown by Indian farmers. But it was noted that a variety of biological and abiotic stressors, water availability, and expanding world populations all pose threats to the presentations of...

24 Jan

Posted at 07:53h in Crop Cultivation
Tanvi Vermaa, Silky Gandhia, Santosh Kumar Bishnoib, Charan Singhb, K.K. Pramanicka, Dharam Pala, A.K. Shuklaa, Anjana Thakur c, Manoj Kumara and Madhu Patiala* 149 views

गेहूँ सुधार के लिए डबल्ड हैप्लोइडी तकनीक: एक परिचय  Doubled haploidy technique is used to generate pure inbred lines for basic research and production of commercial cultivars. These lines are pure and genetically homozygous individuals are produced when spontaneous or induced chromosome duplication of haploid cells occurs. Double haploids are one of the biggest achievements in plant breeding because of production of completely homozygous plant within a year (Hooghvorst and Nogues., 2021). The production of doubled haploid lines can accelerate the breeding of new wheat varieties by several years through one step creation of 100% homozygous plants. This technology plays an important role in studying the genetic control of traits in wheat, marker assisted selection, genomics and genetic engineering (Eliby et al., 2022). Double haploid breeding is useful tool in wheat improvement by providing instant homozygosity, which leads to instant fixation of desirable characters of recombinants as well as reduction in number of generations required to achieve success. Barclay (1975), initiated chromosome elimination technique in wheat, who recovered the wheat haploids in crosses between the wheat variety Chinese spring and Hordeum bulbosum. The technique was genotype-specific due to the presence of dominant crossability inhibitor genes Kr1 and Kr2 genes thereby affecting the practical value of the technique. Therefore, wheat x maize system of doubled haploid...

14 Dec

Posted at 07:31h in Crop Cultivation
दिशा ठाकुर1, मनीष ठाकुर2, किरण ठाकुर3 15 views

सेब के बगीचे  में ट्रेनींग और प्रूनिंग  Pruning means the removal of parts of a tree so as to influence its natural growth in such a way that it will bear as much fruit as possible, bear fruit more regularly and produce better quality fruit. Pruning in apple tree is one of the most important technical operations. Proper pruning can greatly improve the quality and quantity of the fruit and  proper pruning can reduce the economic impact of older trees सेब के बगीचे  में ट्रेनींग और प्रूनिंग  सेब की खेती से हिमाचल प्रदेश के पहाड़ी लोगों की अर्थव्यवस्था में जबरदस्त बदलाव आया है। लेकिन साथ ही खेती की लागत बढ़ने से यह काफी महंगा होता जा रहा है।  विशेष रूप से श्रमिकों की मजदूरी में वृद्धि कीटनाशकों कवकनाशी और उर्वरकों के अत्यधिक उपयोग के कारण। पहाड़ी इलाकों के कारण बागों में सभी कार्यों को मैन्युअल रूप से करना पड़ता है। इसके अलावा हमें चीन ऑस्ट्रेलिया न्यूजीलैंड और यूएसए जैसे अन्य देशों से भी प्रतिस्पर्धा का सामना करना पड़ रहा है। जहां सभी ऑपरेशन यंत्रवत् किए जाते हैं और खेती की लागत बहुत कम होती है। इन देशों में केवल कटाई और छंटाई मैन्युअल रूप से की जाती हैI हिमाचल प्रदेश में सेब का रकबा कई गुना बढ़ा है और उत्पादन भी बढ़ा है और सही...

08 Dec

Posted at 07:13h in Crop Cultivation
Prakasha T L 31 views

मध्य भारत में उन्नत गेहूं की खेती के तरीके Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in India which is being cultivated in an area of 30.54 mha with a production of 106.41 mt in 2021-22. Wheat is being cultivated in 5 different zones in India viz., Northern Hilly Zone (NHZ), North Western Plains Zone (NWPZ, North Eastern Plains Zone (NEPZ), Central Zone (CZ), and Peninsular Zone (PZ).  The Central Zone consists of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Kota, and Udaipur divisions of Rajasthan and the Jhansi division of Uttar Pradesh. Among Central Zone states, Madhya Pradesh is the major producer of wheat with a production of 22.4 mt and an area of 6.5 mha. Both species of wheat viz., durum and bread wheat are being cultivated in Madhya Pradesh. Bread wheat is used for making chapattis, bread, and biscuits. Durum wheat is used in making daliya, pasta, and semolina. Wheat production and productivity in Central India are affected by many biotic (stem and leaf rusts, termites, lepidopteran pests, etc.) and abiotic factors (drought, heat, etc.). Wheat production can be improved by adopting new high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties, and improved production practices. Varieties are to be chosen based on the time of sowing and irrigation water availability (Table 1). Table 1: Wheat varieties recommended for...

21 Nov

Posted at 08:41h in Crop Cultivation
Tania Seth*, Chaitrali S. Mhatre, Arun K. Panda and Praveen Jakhar 31 views

धान के पुआल मशरूम की खेती: ओडिशा के किसानों के लिए आजीविका का अवसर Mushroom is known as white vegetable or boneless vegetarian meat. They are rich source of protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals and low in calories, carbohydrates, fat, sodium and cholesterol. FAO recognizes mushrooms as the right source of protein to fight protein malnutrition. The ancient Romans perceived mushroom as “Food of the Gods”. Mushrooms are recognized as immunity booster with numerous health benefits and have unique taste. In India, about 500 million tons crop residues are generated annually out of which 92 million tons is burned (NPMCR, 2014). Mushroom cultivation offers an eco-friendly sustainable approach of agriculture residue management and produce protein rich quality food per unit area Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) has excellent taste and flavour. It can easily cultivate both in indoor and outdoor condition under the shade of tree and in open condition in the backyard. Paddy straw mushroom can also be grown as an intercrop, compatible with most orchard and plantation crops. It can also be grown as an intercrop, compatible with most orchard and plantation crops. It is very popular in Odisha and can be cultivated for 8 to 9 months (March to November). Due to its fast growing nature it is more profitable. Paddy straw mushroom...

14 Nov

Posted at 10:28h in Crop Cultivation
शबाना बेगम और समर्थ गोदारा 13 views

सुगंधित एवं औषधीय पौधों की खेती और किसानों को इसके लाभ Growing medicinal and aromatic plants is a good diversification option for the farmers. These plants and their products not only serve as a valuable source of income for the farmers and entrepreneurs but also earn valuable foreign exchange through exports. Therefore, it is necessary to collect, conserve and evaluate aromatic plants to develop potential agricultural technologies for medicinal plants cultivation. सुगंधित एवं औषधीय पौधों की खेती और किसानों को इसके लाभ सुगंधित एवं औषधीय पौधे, पौधों का एक समूह है जो सुगंधित पदार्थों का उत्पादन और उत्सर्जन करता है तथा इसका उपयोग औषधीय रूप में किया जाता है ।  पौधों में सुगंध विभिन्न प्रकार के जटिल रासायनिक यौगिकों के कारण होता है अर्थात जिन पौधो का उपयोग फार्मेसी और परफ्यूमरी में किया जाता है, उन्हें आमतौर पर सुगंधित पौधों के रूप में परिभाषित किया जाता है। सुगंधित पोधै आर्थिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण होते है जो दवाओं, इत्र, स्वाद और सौंदर्य प्रसाधनों के लिए बुनियादी कच्चा माल प्रदान करते हैं। सुगंधित पौधों में सुगंधित यौगिक,  मूल रूप से ऐसे आवश्यक तेल जो कमरे के तापमान पर अस्थिर हो,  होते हैं। ये आवश्यक तेल गंधयुक्त, वाष्पशील, हाइड्रोफोबिक और अत्यधिक केंद्रित यौगिक हैं। उन्हें फूल, कलियों, बीजों, पत्तियों, टहनियों, छाल, लकड़ी, फलों और जड़ों से प्राप्त किया जा सकता...

17 Oct

Posted at 08:03h in Crop Cultivation
Chandra Nath Mishra*, Disha Kamboj, Amit Sharma, Satish Kumar, Hanif Khan, and Gyanendra Pratap Singh 283 views

गेहूं की जल्दी बुवाई: जलवायु परिवर्तन में एक सार्थक प्रयास Early (October) sowing of wheat is defined as sowing from the third week of October to the first week of November. Farmers in northwestern and central India advance their wheat much earlier (October) than usual (November) to protect their wheat from eventual heat stress and maintain production by using soil moisture even after the paddy harvest. Wheat is an important crop in South Asia and India. Women from marginal and small agricultural households who contribute significantly to the wheat production system and animal management should be given special attention. The Gangetic plains of South Asia are currently considered ideal for wheat growing, but climate change could reduce productivity by 2050. Additionally, if the rate of depletion of the groundwater table continues at its current pace, it could have a significant impact on farmers. Wheat is one of the major crops that has the least heat tolerance. According to a study, for every 1 degree Celsius increase in temperature in Northwest India and Pakistan, wheat yield can be reduced by 3 to 17 percent. Although the 10 million hectare rice-wheat system in South Asia often has enough moisture to sow wheat, it begins to deplete from mid-November. Furthermore, by the end of January, the water...

12 Sep

Posted at 07:13h in Crop Cultivation
213 views

अजोला की खेती- हरे चारे की कमी को कम करने के लिए वैकल्पिक समाधान About 50–75 percent of the overall cost of producing milk, meat, and other livestock products goes toward feed and fodder, making them the most significant inputs. Grazing cattle in India are typically not supplemented with anything to satisfy their requirement for protein and minerals. Grazing lands are continuously degrading as a result of exploitative strain and are contracting as a result of conflicting demands for food and forage brought on by the pressure of an expanding population, urbanization, and industrialization. Due to the rising need for food and commercial crops, it is difficult to expand the area used for the production of fodder in India. Due to this, it is crucial to look for and use feed supplies that can help provide more nutrients with less input. Azolla a free-floating aquatic fern seems to hold the solution for this situation. Azolla is an excellent source of protein for animals since it fixes atmospheric nitrogen in association with the nitrogen-fixing blue-green alga Anabaena azollae. It belongs to the Pteridophyta order and family Azollaceae. Azolla pinnata is the most prevalent species of Azolla in India. In comparison to lucerne and hybrid Napier, it generates more than 4 to 5 times the amount...